Updated main branch

userspace/ksud/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/target
+.cargo/

userspace/ksud/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+[package]
+name = "ksud"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2024"
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+notify = "8.2"
+anyhow = "1"
+clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive"] }
+const_format = "0.2"
+zip = { version = "6",  features = [
+    "deflate",
+    "deflate64",
+    "time",
+    "lzma",
+    "xz",
+], default-features = false }
+zip-extensions = { version = "0.8", features = [
+    "deflate",
+    "lzma",
+    "xz",
+], default-features = false }
+java-properties = { git = "https://github.com/Kernel-SU/java-properties.git", branch = "master", default-features = false }
+log = "0.4"
+env_logger = { version = "0.11", default-features = false }
+serde_json = "1"
+encoding_rs = "0.8"
+humansize = "2"
+libc = "0.2"
+extattr = "1"
+jwalk = "0.8"
+is_executable = "1"
+nom = "8"
+derive-new = "0.7"
+rust-embed = { version = "8", features = [
+    "debug-embed",
+    "compression", # must clean build after updating binaries
+] }
+which = "8"
+getopts = "0.2"
+sha256 = "1"
+sha1 = "0.10"
+tempfile = "3"
+chrono = "0.4"
+regex-lite = "0.1"
+serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
+
+[target.'cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "linux"))'.dependencies]
+rustix = { git = "https://github.com/Kernel-SU/rustix.git", rev = "4a53fbc7cb7a07cabe87125cc21dbc27db316259", features = [
+    "all-apis",
+] }
+# some android specific dependencies which compiles under unix are also listed here for convenience of coding
+android-properties = { version = "0.2", features = ["bionic-deprecated"] }
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "android")'.dependencies]
+android_logger = { version = "0.15", default-features = false }
+
+[profile.release]
+overflow-checks = false
+codegen-units = 1
+lto = "fat"
+opt-level = 3
+strip = true
+split-debuginfo = "unpacked"

userspace/ksud/bin/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+**/*.ko

userspace/ksud/build.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+use std::{env, fs::File, io::Write, path::Path, process::Command};
+
+fn get_git_version() -> Result<(u32, String), std::io::Error> {
+    let output = Command::new("git")
+        .args(["rev-list", "--count", "HEAD"])
+        .output()?;
+
+    let output = output.stdout;
+    let version_code = String::from_utf8(output).expect("Failed to read git count stdout");
+    let version_code: u32 = version_code
+        .trim()
+        .parse()
+        .map_err(|_| std::io::Error::other("Failed to parse git count"))?;
+    let version_code = 40000 - 2815 + version_code; // For historical reasons
+
+    let version_name = String::from_utf8(
+        Command::new("git")
+            .args(["describe", "--tags", "--always"])
+            .output()?
+            .stdout,
+    )
+    .map_err(|_| std::io::Error::other("Failed to parse git count"))?;
+    let version_name = version_name.trim_start_matches('v').to_string();
+    Ok((version_code, version_name))
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let (code, name) = match get_git_version() {
+        Ok((code, name)) => (code, name),
+        Err(_) => {
+            // show warning if git is not installed
+            println!("cargo:warning=Failed to get git version, using 0.0.0");
+            (0, "0.0.0".to_string())
+        }
+    };
+    let out_dir = env::var("OUT_DIR").expect("Failed to get $OUT_DIR");
+    let out_dir = Path::new(&out_dir);
+    File::create(Path::new(out_dir).join("VERSION_CODE"))
+        .expect("Failed to create VERSION_CODE")
+        .write_all(code.to_string().as_bytes())
+        .expect("Failed to write VERSION_CODE");
+
+    File::create(Path::new(out_dir).join("VERSION_NAME"))
+        .expect("Failed to create VERSION_NAME")
+        .write_all(name.trim().as_bytes())
+        .expect("Failed to write VERSION_NAME");
+}

userspace/ksud/src/apk_sign.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+use anyhow::{Result, ensure};
+use std::io::{Read, Seek, SeekFrom};
+
+pub fn get_apk_signature(apk: &str) -> Result<(u32, String)> {
+    let mut buffer = [0u8; 0x10];
+    let mut size4 = [0u8; 4];
+    let mut size8 = [0u8; 8];
+    let mut size_of_block = [0u8; 8];
+
+    let mut f = std::fs::File::open(apk)?;
+
+    let mut i = 0;
+    loop {
+        let mut n = [0u8; 2];
+        f.seek(SeekFrom::End(-i - 2))?;
+        f.read_exact(&mut n)?;
+
+        let n = u16::from_le_bytes(n);
+        if i64::from(n) == i {
+            f.seek(SeekFrom::Current(-22))?;
+            f.read_exact(&mut size4)?;
+
+            if u32::from_le_bytes(size4) ^ 0xcafe_babe_u32 == 0xccfb_f1ee_u32 {
+                if i > 0 {
+                    println!("warning: comment length is {i}");
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        ensure!(n != 0xffff, "not a zip file");
+
+        i += 1;
+    }
+
+    f.seek(SeekFrom::Current(12))?;
+    // offset
+    f.read_exact(&mut size4)?;
+    f.seek(SeekFrom::Start(u64::from(u32::from_le_bytes(size4)) - 0x18))?;
+
+    f.read_exact(&mut size8)?;
+    f.read_exact(&mut buffer)?;
+
+    ensure!(&buffer == b"APK Sig Block 42", "Can not found sig block");
+
+    let pos = u64::from(u32::from_le_bytes(size4)) - (u64::from_le_bytes(size8) + 0x8);
+    f.seek(SeekFrom::Start(pos))?;
+    f.read_exact(&mut size_of_block)?;
+
+    ensure!(size_of_block == size8, "not a signed apk");
+
+    let mut v2_signing: Option<(u32, String)> = None;
+    let mut v3_signing_exist = false;
+    let mut v3_1_signing_exist = false;
+
+    loop {
+        let mut id = [0u8; 4];
+        let mut offset = 4u32;
+
+        f.read_exact(&mut size8)?; // sequence length
+        if size8 == size_of_block {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        f.read_exact(&mut id)?; // id
+
+        let id = u32::from_le_bytes(id);
+        if id == 0x7109_871a_u32 {
+            v2_signing = Some(calc_cert_sha256(&mut f, &mut size4, &mut offset)?);
+        } else if id == 0xf053_68c0_u32 {
+            // v3 signature scheme
+            v3_signing_exist = true;
+        } else if id == 0x1b93_ad61_u32 {
+            // v3.1 signature scheme: credits to vvb2060
+            v3_1_signing_exist = true;
+        }
+
+        f.seek(SeekFrom::Current(
+            i64::from_le_bytes(size8) - i64::from(offset),
+        ))?;
+    }
+
+    if v3_signing_exist || v3_1_signing_exist {
+        return Err(anyhow::anyhow!("Unexpected v3 signature found!",));
+    }
+
+    v2_signing.ok_or(anyhow::anyhow!("No signature found!"))
+}
+
+fn calc_cert_sha256(
+    f: &mut std::fs::File,
+    size4: &mut [u8; 4],
+    offset: &mut u32,
+) -> Result<(u32, String)> {
+    f.read_exact(size4)?; // signer-sequence length
+    f.read_exact(size4)?; // signer length
+    f.read_exact(size4)?; // signed data length
+    *offset += 0x4 * 3;
+
+    f.read_exact(size4)?; // digests-sequence length
+    let pos = u32::from_le_bytes(*size4); // skip digests
+    f.seek(SeekFrom::Current(i64::from(pos)))?;
+    *offset += 0x4 + pos;
+
+    f.read_exact(size4)?; // certificates length
+    f.read_exact(size4)?; // certificate length
+    *offset += 0x4 * 2;
+
+    let cert_len = u32::from_le_bytes(*size4);
+    let mut cert: Vec<u8> = vec![0; cert_len as usize];
+    f.read_exact(&mut cert)?;
+    *offset += cert_len;
+
+    Ok((cert_len, sha256::digest(&cert)))
+}

userspace/ksud/src/assets.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+use anyhow::Result;
+use const_format::concatcp;
+use rust_embed::RustEmbed;
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use crate::{defs::BINARY_DIR, utils};
+
+pub const RESETPROP_PATH: &str = concatcp!(BINARY_DIR, "resetprop");
+pub const BUSYBOX_PATH: &str = concatcp!(BINARY_DIR, "busybox");
+pub const BOOTCTL_PATH: &str = concatcp!(BINARY_DIR, "bootctl");
+
+#[cfg(all(target_arch = "x86_64", target_os = "android"))]
+#[derive(RustEmbed)]
+#[folder = "bin/x86_64"]
+struct Asset;
+
+// IF NOT x86_64 ANDROID, ie. macos, linux, windows, always use aarch64
+#[cfg(all(target_arch = "aarch64", target_os = "android"))]
+#[derive(RustEmbed)]
+#[folder = "bin/aarch64"]
+struct Asset;
+
+#[cfg(all(target_arch = "arm", target_os = "android"))]
+#[derive(RustEmbed)]
+#[folder = "bin/arm"]
+struct Asset;
+
+pub fn ensure_binaries(ignore_if_exist: bool) -> Result<()> {
+    for file in Asset::iter() {
+        if file == "ksuinit" || file.ends_with(".ko") {
+            // don't extract ksuinit and kernel modules
+            continue;
+        }
+        let asset = Asset::get(&file).ok_or(anyhow::anyhow!("asset not found: {}", file))?;
+        utils::ensure_binary(format!("{BINARY_DIR}{file}"), &asset.data, ignore_if_exist)?
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn copy_assets_to_file(name: &str, dst: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<()> {
+    let asset = Asset::get(name).ok_or(anyhow::anyhow!("asset not found: {}", name))?;
+    std::fs::write(dst, asset.data)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn list_supported_kmi() -> Result<Vec<String>> {
+    let mut list = Vec::new();
+    for file in Asset::iter() {
+        // kmi_name = "xxx_kernelsu.ko"
+        if let Some(kmi) = file.strip_suffix("_kernelsu.ko") {
+            list.push(kmi.to_string());
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(list)
+}

userspace/ksud/src/banner

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+ ____        _    _ ____  _   _ 
+/ ___| _   _| | _(_) ___|| | | |
+\___ \| | | | |/ / \___ \| | | |
+ ___) | |_| |   <| |___) | |_| |
+|____/ \__,_|_|\_\_|____/ \___/ 
+     _   _ _ _                  
+    | | | | | |_ _ __ __ _      
+    | | | | | __| '__/ _\ |     
+    | |_| | | |_| | | (_| |     
+     \___/|_|\__|_|  \__,_|     

userspace/ksud/src/boot_patch.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,791 @@
+#[cfg(unix)]
+use std::{
+    os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt,
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+    process::{Command, Stdio},
+};
+
+use anyhow::{Context, Result, anyhow, bail, ensure};
+use regex_lite::Regex;
+use which::which;
+
+use crate::{
+    assets,
+    defs::{self, BACKUP_FILENAME, KSU_BACKUP_DIR, KSU_BACKUP_FILE_PREFIX},
+    utils,
+};
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+fn ensure_gki_kernel() -> Result<()> {
+    let version = get_kernel_version()?;
+    let is_gki = version.0 == 5 && version.1 >= 10 || version.2 > 5;
+    ensure!(is_gki, "only support GKI kernel");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+fn get_kernel_version() -> Result<(i32, i32, i32)> {
+    let uname = rustix::system::uname();
+    let version = uname.release().to_string_lossy();
+    let re = Regex::new(r"(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)")?;
+    if let Some(captures) = re.captures(&version) {
+        let major = captures
+            .get(1)
+            .and_then(|m| m.as_str().parse::<i32>().ok())
+            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Major version parse error"))?;
+        let minor = captures
+            .get(2)
+            .and_then(|m| m.as_str().parse::<i32>().ok())
+            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Minor version parse error"))?;
+        let patch = captures
+            .get(3)
+            .and_then(|m| m.as_str().parse::<i32>().ok())
+            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Patch version parse error"))?;
+        Ok((major, minor, patch))
+    } else {
+        Err(anyhow!("Invalid kernel version string"))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+fn parse_kmi(version: &str) -> Result<String> {
+    let re = Regex::new(r"(.* )?(\d+\.\d+)(\S+)?(android\d+)(.*)")?;
+    let cap = re
+        .captures(version)
+        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("Failed to get KMI from boot/modules"))?;
+    let android_version = cap.get(4).map_or("", |m| m.as_str());
+    let kernel_version = cap.get(2).map_or("", |m| m.as_str());
+    Ok(format!("{android_version}-{kernel_version}"))
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+fn parse_kmi_from_uname() -> Result<String> {
+    let uname = rustix::system::uname();
+    let version = uname.release().to_string_lossy();
+    parse_kmi(&version)
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+fn parse_kmi_from_modules() -> Result<String> {
+    use std::io::BufRead;
+    // find a *.ko in /vendor/lib/modules
+    let modfile = std::fs::read_dir("/vendor/lib/modules")?
+        .filter_map(Result::ok)
+        .find(|entry| entry.path().extension().is_some_and(|ext| ext == "ko"))
+        .map(|entry| entry.path())
+        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("No kernel module found"))?;
+    let output = Command::new("modinfo").arg(modfile).output()?;
+    for line in output.stdout.lines().map_while(Result::ok) {
+        if line.starts_with("vermagic") {
+            return parse_kmi(&line);
+        }
+    }
+    anyhow::bail!("Parse KMI from modules failed")
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+pub fn get_current_kmi() -> Result<String> {
+    parse_kmi_from_uname().or_else(|_| parse_kmi_from_modules())
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "android"))]
+pub fn get_current_kmi() -> Result<String> {
+    bail!("Unsupported platform")
+}
+
+fn parse_kmi_from_kernel(kernel: &PathBuf, workdir: &Path) -> Result<String> {
+    use std::fs::{File, copy};
+    use std::io::{BufReader, Read};
+    let kernel_path = workdir.join("kernel");
+    copy(kernel, &kernel_path).context("Failed to copy kernel")?;
+
+    let file = File::open(&kernel_path).context("Failed to open kernel file")?;
+    let mut reader = BufReader::new(file);
+    let mut buffer = Vec::new();
+    reader
+        .read_to_end(&mut buffer)
+        .context("Failed to read kernel file")?;
+
+    let printable_strings: Vec<&str> = buffer
+        .split(|&b| b == 0)
+        .filter_map(|slice| std::str::from_utf8(slice).ok())
+        .filter(|s| s.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_graphic() || c == ' '))
+        .collect();
+
+    let re =
+        Regex::new(r"(?:.* )?(\d+\.\d+)(?:\S+)?(android\d+)").context("Failed to compile regex")?;
+    for s in printable_strings {
+        if let Some(caps) = re.captures(s)
+            && let (Some(kernel_version), Some(android_version)) = (caps.get(1), caps.get(2))
+        {
+            let kmi = format!("{}-{}", android_version.as_str(), kernel_version.as_str());
+            return Ok(kmi);
+        }
+    }
+    println!("- Failed to get KMI version");
+    bail!("Try to choose LKM manually")
+}
+
+fn parse_kmi_from_boot(magiskboot: &Path, image: &PathBuf, workdir: &Path) -> Result<String> {
+    let image_path = workdir.join("image");
+
+    std::fs::copy(image, &image_path).context("Failed to copy image")?;
+
+    let status = Command::new(magiskboot)
+        .current_dir(workdir)
+        .stdout(Stdio::null())
+        .stderr(Stdio::null())
+        .arg("unpack")
+        .arg(&image_path)
+        .status()
+        .context("Failed to execute magiskboot command")?;
+
+    if !status.success() {
+        bail!(
+            "magiskboot unpack failed with status: {:?}",
+            status.code().unwrap()
+        );
+    }
+
+    parse_kmi_from_kernel(&image_path, workdir)
+}
+
+fn do_cpio_cmd(magiskboot: &Path, workdir: &Path, cpio_path: &Path, cmd: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    let status = Command::new(magiskboot)
+        .current_dir(workdir)
+        .stdout(Stdio::null())
+        .stderr(Stdio::null())
+        .arg("cpio")
+        .arg(cpio_path)
+        .arg(cmd)
+        .status()?;
+    ensure!(status.success(), "magiskboot cpio {} failed", cmd);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn is_magisk_patched(magiskboot: &Path, workdir: &Path, cpio_path: &Path) -> Result<bool> {
+    let status = Command::new(magiskboot)
+        .current_dir(workdir)
+        .stdout(Stdio::null())
+        .stderr(Stdio::null())
+        .arg("cpio")
+        .arg(cpio_path)
+        .arg("test")
+        .status()?;
+    // 0: stock, 1: magisk
+    Ok(status.code() == Some(1))
+}
+
+fn is_kernelsu_patched(magiskboot: &Path, workdir: &Path, cpio_path: &Path) -> Result<bool> {
+    let status = Command::new(magiskboot)
+        .current_dir(workdir)
+        .stdout(Stdio::null())
+        .stderr(Stdio::null())
+        .arg("cpio")
+        .arg(cpio_path)
+        .arg("exists kernelsu.ko")
+        .status()?;
+
+    Ok(status.success())
+}
+
+fn dd<P: AsRef<Path>, Q: AsRef<Path>>(ifile: P, ofile: Q) -> Result<()> {
+    let status = Command::new("dd")
+        .stdout(Stdio::null())
+        .stderr(Stdio::null())
+        .arg(format!("if={}", ifile.as_ref().display()))
+        .arg(format!("of={}", ofile.as_ref().display()))
+        .status()?;
+    ensure!(
+        status.success(),
+        "dd if={:?} of={:?} failed",
+        ifile.as_ref(),
+        ofile.as_ref()
+    );
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn restore(
+    image: Option<PathBuf>,
+    magiskboot_path: Option<PathBuf>,
+    flash: bool,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let tmpdir = tempfile::Builder::new()
+        .prefix("KernelSU")
+        .tempdir()
+        .context("create temp dir failed")?;
+    let workdir = tmpdir.path();
+    let magiskboot = find_magiskboot(magiskboot_path, workdir)?;
+
+    let kmi = get_current_kmi().unwrap_or_else(|_| String::from(""));
+
+    let (bootimage, bootdevice) = find_boot_image(&image, &kmi, false, false, workdir, &None)?;
+
+    println!("- Unpacking boot image");
+    let status = Command::new(&magiskboot)
+        .current_dir(workdir)
+        .stdout(Stdio::null())
+        .stderr(Stdio::null())
+        .arg("unpack")
+        .arg(bootimage.display().to_string())
+        .status()?;
+    ensure!(status.success(), "magiskboot unpack failed");
+
+    let mut ramdisk = workdir.join("ramdisk.cpio");
+    if !ramdisk.exists() {
+        ramdisk = workdir.join("vendor_ramdisk").join("init_boot.cpio")
+    }
+    if !ramdisk.exists() {
+        ramdisk = workdir.join("vendor_ramdisk").join("ramdisk.cpio");
+    }
+    if !ramdisk.exists() {
+        bail!("No compatible ramdisk found.")
+    }
+    let ramdisk = ramdisk.as_path();
+    let is_kernelsu_patched = is_kernelsu_patched(&magiskboot, workdir, ramdisk)?;
+    ensure!(is_kernelsu_patched, "boot image is not patched by KernelSU");
+
+    let mut new_boot = None;
+    let mut from_backup = false;
+
+    #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+    if do_cpio_cmd(
+        &magiskboot,
+        workdir,
+        ramdisk,
+        &format!("exists {BACKUP_FILENAME}"),
+    )
+    .is_ok()
+    {
+        do_cpio_cmd(
+            &magiskboot,
+            workdir,
+            ramdisk,
+            &format!("extract {BACKUP_FILENAME} {BACKUP_FILENAME}"),
+        )?;
+        let sha = std::fs::read(workdir.join(BACKUP_FILENAME))?;
+        let sha = String::from_utf8(sha)?;
+        let sha = sha.trim();
+        let backup_path =
+            PathBuf::from(KSU_BACKUP_DIR).join(format!("{KSU_BACKUP_FILE_PREFIX}{sha}"));
+        if backup_path.is_file() {
+            new_boot = Some(backup_path);
+            from_backup = true;
+        } else {
+            println!("- Warning: no backup {backup_path:?} found!");
+        }
+
+        if let Err(e) = clean_backup(sha) {
+            println!("- Warning: Cleanup backup image failed: {e}");
+        }
+    } else {
+        println!("- Backup info is absent!");
+    }
+
+    if new_boot.is_none() {
+        // remove kernelsu.ko
+        do_cpio_cmd(&magiskboot, workdir, ramdisk, "rm kernelsu.ko")?;
+
+        // if init.real exists, restore it
+        let status = do_cpio_cmd(&magiskboot, workdir, ramdisk, "exists init.real").is_ok();
+        if status {
+            do_cpio_cmd(&magiskboot, workdir, ramdisk, "mv init.real init")?;
+        }
+
+        println!("- Repacking boot image");
+        let status = Command::new(&magiskboot)
+            .current_dir(workdir)
+            .stdout(Stdio::null())
+            .stderr(Stdio::null())
+            .arg("repack")
+            .arg(&bootimage)
+            .status()?;
+        ensure!(status.success(), "magiskboot repack failed");
+        new_boot = Some(workdir.join("new-boot.img"));
+    }
+
+    let new_boot = new_boot.unwrap();
+
+    if image.is_some() {
+        // if image is specified, write to output file
+        let output_dir = std::env::current_dir()?;
+        let now = chrono::Utc::now();
+        let output_image = output_dir.join(format!(
+            "kernelsu_restore_{}.img",
+            now.format("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
+        ));
+
+        if from_backup || std::fs::rename(&new_boot, &output_image).is_err() {
+            std::fs::copy(&new_boot, &output_image).context("copy out new boot failed")?;
+        }
+        println!("- Output file is written to");
+        println!("- {}", output_image.display().to_string().trim_matches('"'));
+    }
+    if flash {
+        if from_backup {
+            println!("- Flashing new boot image from {}", new_boot.display());
+        } else {
+            println!("- Flashing new boot image");
+        }
+        flash_boot(&bootdevice, new_boot)?;
+    }
+    println!("- Done!");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+pub fn patch(
+    image: Option<PathBuf>,
+    kernel: Option<PathBuf>,
+    kmod: Option<PathBuf>,
+    init: Option<PathBuf>,
+    ota: bool,
+    flash: bool,
+    out: Option<PathBuf>,
+    magiskboot: Option<PathBuf>,
+    kmi: Option<String>,
+    partition: Option<String>,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let result = do_patch(
+        image, kernel, kmod, init, ota, flash, out, magiskboot, kmi, partition,
+    );
+    if let Err(ref e) = result {
+        println!("- Install Error: {e}");
+    }
+    result
+}
+
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+fn do_patch(
+    image: Option<PathBuf>,
+    kernel: Option<PathBuf>,
+    kmod: Option<PathBuf>,
+    init: Option<PathBuf>,
+    ota: bool,
+    flash: bool,
+    out: Option<PathBuf>,
+    magiskboot_path: Option<PathBuf>,
+    kmi: Option<String>,
+    partition: Option<String>,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    println!(include_str!("banner"));
+
+    let patch_file = image.is_some();
+
+    #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+    if !patch_file {
+        ensure_gki_kernel()?;
+    }
+
+    let is_replace_kernel = kernel.is_some();
+
+    if is_replace_kernel {
+        ensure!(
+            init.is_none() && kmod.is_none(),
+            "init and module must not be specified."
+        );
+    }
+
+    let tmpdir = tempfile::Builder::new()
+        .prefix("KernelSU")
+        .tempdir()
+        .context("create temp dir failed")?;
+    let workdir = tmpdir.path();
+
+    // extract magiskboot
+    let magiskboot = find_magiskboot(magiskboot_path, workdir)?;
+
+    let kmi = if let Some(kmi) = kmi {
+        kmi
+    } else {
+        match get_current_kmi() {
+            Ok(value) => value,
+            Err(e) => {
+                println!("- {e}");
+                if let Some(image_path) = &image {
+                    println!(
+                        "- Trying to auto detect KMI version for {}",
+                        image_path.to_str().unwrap()
+                    );
+                    parse_kmi_from_boot(&magiskboot, image_path, tmpdir.path())?
+                } else if let Some(kernel_path) = &kernel {
+                    println!(
+                        "- Trying to auto detect KMI version for {}",
+                        kernel_path.to_str().unwrap()
+                    );
+                    parse_kmi_from_kernel(kernel_path, tmpdir.path())?
+                } else {
+                    "".to_string()
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    let (bootimage, bootdevice) =
+        find_boot_image(&image, &kmi, ota, is_replace_kernel, workdir, &partition)?;
+
+    let bootimage = bootimage.as_path();
+
+    // try extract magiskboot/bootctl
+    let _ = assets::ensure_binaries(false);
+
+    if let Some(kernel) = kernel {
+        std::fs::copy(kernel, workdir.join("kernel")).context("copy kernel from failed")?;
+    }
+
+    println!("- Preparing assets");
+
+    let kmod_file = workdir.join("kernelsu.ko");
+    if let Some(kmod) = kmod {
+        std::fs::copy(kmod, kmod_file).context("copy kernel module failed")?;
+    } else {
+        // If kmod is not specified, extract from assets
+        println!("- KMI: {kmi}");
+        let name = format!("{kmi}_kernelsu.ko");
+        assets::copy_assets_to_file(&name, kmod_file)
+            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to copy {name}"))?;
+    };
+
+    let init_file = workdir.join("init");
+    if let Some(init) = init {
+        std::fs::copy(init, init_file).context("copy init failed")?;
+    } else {
+        assets::copy_assets_to_file("ksuinit", init_file).context("copy ksuinit failed")?;
+    }
+
+    println!("- Unpacking boot image");
+    let status = Command::new(&magiskboot)
+        .current_dir(workdir)
+        .stdout(Stdio::null())
+        .stderr(Stdio::null())
+        .arg("unpack")
+        .arg(bootimage)
+        .status()?;
+    ensure!(status.success(), "magiskboot unpack failed");
+
+    let mut ramdisk = workdir.join("ramdisk.cpio");
+    if !ramdisk.exists() {
+        ramdisk = workdir.join("vendor_ramdisk").join("init_boot.cpio")
+    }
+    if !ramdisk.exists() {
+        ramdisk = workdir.join("vendor_ramdisk").join("ramdisk.cpio");
+    }
+    if !ramdisk.exists() {
+        println!("- No ramdisk, create by default");
+        ramdisk = "ramdisk.cpio".into();
+    }
+    let ramdisk = ramdisk.as_path();
+    let is_magisk_patched = is_magisk_patched(&magiskboot, workdir, ramdisk)?;
+    ensure!(!is_magisk_patched, "Cannot work with Magisk patched image");
+
+    println!("- Adding KernelSU LKM");
+    let is_kernelsu_patched = is_kernelsu_patched(&magiskboot, workdir, ramdisk)?;
+
+    let mut need_backup = false;
+    if !is_kernelsu_patched {
+        // kernelsu.ko is not exist, backup init if necessary
+        let status = do_cpio_cmd(&magiskboot, workdir, ramdisk, "exists init");
+        if status.is_ok() {
+            do_cpio_cmd(&magiskboot, workdir, ramdisk, "mv init init.real")?;
+        }
+        need_backup = flash;
+    }
+
+    do_cpio_cmd(&magiskboot, workdir, ramdisk, "add 0755 init init")?;
+    do_cpio_cmd(
+        &magiskboot,
+        workdir,
+        ramdisk,
+        "add 0755 kernelsu.ko kernelsu.ko",
+    )?;
+
+    #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+    if need_backup && let Err(e) = do_backup(&magiskboot, workdir, ramdisk, bootimage) {
+        println!("- Backup stock image failed: {e}");
+    }
+
+    println!("- Repacking boot image");
+    // magiskboot repack boot.img
+    let status = Command::new(&magiskboot)
+        .current_dir(workdir)
+        .stdout(Stdio::null())
+        .stderr(Stdio::null())
+        .arg("repack")
+        .arg(bootimage)
+        .status()?;
+    ensure!(status.success(), "magiskboot repack failed");
+    let new_boot = workdir.join("new-boot.img");
+
+    if patch_file {
+        // if image is specified, write to output file
+        let output_dir = out.unwrap_or(std::env::current_dir()?);
+        let now = chrono::Utc::now();
+        let output_image = output_dir.join(format!(
+            "kernelsu_patched_{}.img",
+            now.format("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
+        ));
+
+        if std::fs::rename(&new_boot, &output_image).is_err() {
+            std::fs::copy(&new_boot, &output_image).context("copy out new boot failed")?;
+        }
+        println!("- Output file is written to");
+        println!("- {}", output_image.display().to_string().trim_matches('"'));
+    }
+
+    if flash {
+        println!("- Flashing new boot image");
+        flash_boot(&bootdevice, new_boot)?;
+
+        if ota {
+            post_ota()?;
+        }
+    }
+
+    println!("- Done!");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+fn calculate_sha1(file_path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<String> {
+    use sha1::Digest;
+    use std::io::Read;
+    let mut file = std::fs::File::open(file_path.as_ref())?;
+    let mut hasher = sha1::Sha1::new();
+    let mut buffer = [0; 1024];
+
+    loop {
+        let n = file.read(&mut buffer)?;
+        if n == 0 {
+            break;
+        }
+        hasher.update(&buffer[..n]);
+    }
+
+    let result = hasher.finalize();
+    Ok(format!("{result:x}"))
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+fn do_backup(magiskboot: &Path, workdir: &Path, cpio_path: &Path, image: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+    let sha1 = calculate_sha1(image)?;
+    let filename = format!("{KSU_BACKUP_FILE_PREFIX}{sha1}");
+
+    println!("- Backup stock boot image");
+    // magiskboot cpio ramdisk.cpio 'add 0755 $BACKUP_FILENAME'
+    let target = format!("{KSU_BACKUP_DIR}{filename}");
+    std::fs::copy(image, &target).with_context(|| format!("backup to {target}"))?;
+    std::fs::write(workdir.join(BACKUP_FILENAME), sha1.as_bytes()).context("write sha1")?;
+    do_cpio_cmd(
+        magiskboot,
+        workdir,
+        cpio_path,
+        &format!("add 0755 {BACKUP_FILENAME} {BACKUP_FILENAME}"),
+    )?;
+    println!("- Stock image has been backup to");
+    println!("- {target}");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+fn clean_backup(sha1: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    println!("- Clean up backup");
+    let backup_name = format!("{KSU_BACKUP_FILE_PREFIX}{sha1}");
+    let dir = std::fs::read_dir(defs::KSU_BACKUP_DIR)?;
+    for entry in dir.flatten() {
+        let path = entry.path();
+        if !path.is_file() {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if let Some(name) = path.file_name() {
+            let name = name.to_string_lossy().to_string();
+            if name != backup_name
+                && name.starts_with(KSU_BACKUP_FILE_PREFIX)
+                && std::fs::remove_file(path).is_ok()
+            {
+                println!("- removed {name}");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn flash_boot(bootdevice: &Option<String>, new_boot: PathBuf) -> Result<()> {
+    let Some(bootdevice) = bootdevice else {
+        bail!("boot device not found")
+    };
+    let status = Command::new("blockdev")
+        .arg("--setrw")
+        .arg(bootdevice)
+        .status()?;
+    ensure!(status.success(), "set boot device rw failed");
+    dd(new_boot, bootdevice).context("flash boot failed")?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn find_magiskboot(magiskboot_path: Option<PathBuf>, workdir: &Path) -> Result<PathBuf> {
+    let magiskboot = {
+        if which("magiskboot").is_ok() {
+            let _ = assets::ensure_binaries(true);
+            "magiskboot".into()
+        } else {
+            // magiskboot is not in $PATH, use builtin or specified one
+            let magiskboot = if let Some(magiskboot_path) = magiskboot_path {
+                std::fs::canonicalize(magiskboot_path)?
+            } else {
+                let magiskboot_path = workdir.join("magiskboot");
+                assets::copy_assets_to_file("magiskboot", &magiskboot_path)
+                    .context("copy magiskboot failed")?;
+                magiskboot_path
+            };
+            ensure!(magiskboot.exists(), "{magiskboot:?} is not exist");
+            #[cfg(unix)]
+            let _ = std::fs::set_permissions(&magiskboot, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o755));
+            magiskboot
+        }
+    };
+    Ok(magiskboot)
+}
+
+fn find_boot_image(
+    image: &Option<PathBuf>,
+    kmi: &str,
+    ota: bool,
+    is_replace_kernel: bool,
+    workdir: &Path,
+    partition: &Option<String>,
+) -> Result<(PathBuf, Option<String>)> {
+    let bootimage;
+    let mut bootdevice = None;
+    if let Some(ref image) = *image {
+        ensure!(image.exists(), "boot image not found");
+        bootimage = std::fs::canonicalize(image)?;
+    } else {
+        if cfg!(not(target_os = "android")) {
+            println!("- Current OS is not android, refusing auto bootimage/bootdevice detection");
+            bail!("Please specify a boot image");
+        }
+
+        let slot_suffix = get_slot_suffix(ota);
+        let boot_partition_name = choose_boot_partition(kmi, is_replace_kernel, partition);
+        let boot_partition = format!("/dev/block/by-name/{boot_partition_name}{slot_suffix}");
+
+        println!("- Bootdevice: {boot_partition}");
+        let tmp_boot_path = workdir.join("boot.img");
+
+        dd(&boot_partition, &tmp_boot_path)?;
+
+        ensure!(tmp_boot_path.exists(), "boot image not found");
+
+        bootimage = tmp_boot_path;
+        bootdevice = Some(boot_partition);
+    };
+    Ok((bootimage, bootdevice))
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+pub fn choose_boot_partition(
+    kmi: &str,
+    is_replace_kernel: bool,
+    partition: &Option<String>,
+) -> String {
+    let slot_suffix = get_slot_suffix(false);
+    let skip_init_boot = kmi.starts_with("android12-");
+    let init_boot_exist = Path::new(&format!("/dev/block/by-name/init_boot{slot_suffix}")).exists();
+
+    // if specific partition is specified, use it
+    if let Some(part) = partition {
+        return match part.as_str() {
+            "boot" | "init_boot" | "vendor_boot" => part.clone(),
+            _ => "boot".to_string(),
+        };
+    }
+
+    // if init_boot exists and not skipping it, use it
+    if !is_replace_kernel && init_boot_exist && !skip_init_boot {
+        return "init_boot".to_string();
+    }
+
+    "boot".to_string()
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "android"))]
+pub fn choose_boot_partition(
+    _kmi: &str,
+    _is_replace_kernel: bool,
+    _partition: &Option<String>,
+) -> String {
+    "boot".to_string()
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+pub fn get_slot_suffix(ota: bool) -> String {
+    let mut slot_suffix = utils::getprop("ro.boot.slot_suffix").unwrap_or_else(|| String::from(""));
+    if !slot_suffix.is_empty() && ota {
+        if slot_suffix == "_a" {
+            slot_suffix = "_b".to_string()
+        } else {
+            slot_suffix = "_a".to_string()
+        }
+    }
+    slot_suffix
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "android"))]
+pub fn get_slot_suffix(_ota: bool) -> String {
+    String::new()
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+pub fn list_available_partitions() -> Vec<String> {
+    let slot_suffix = get_slot_suffix(false);
+    let candidates = vec!["boot", "init_boot", "vendor_boot"];
+    candidates
+        .into_iter()
+        .filter(|name| Path::new(&format!("/dev/block/by-name/{}{}", name, slot_suffix)).exists())
+        .map(|s| s.to_string())
+        .collect()
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "android"))]
+pub fn list_available_partitions() -> Vec<String> {
+    Vec::new()
+}
+
+fn post_ota() -> Result<()> {
+    use crate::defs::ADB_DIR;
+    use assets::BOOTCTL_PATH;
+    let status = Command::new(BOOTCTL_PATH).arg("hal-info").status()?;
+    if !status.success() {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    let current_slot = Command::new(BOOTCTL_PATH)
+        .arg("get-current-slot")
+        .output()?
+        .stdout;
+    let current_slot = String::from_utf8(current_slot)?;
+    let current_slot = current_slot.trim();
+    let target_slot = if current_slot == "0" { 1 } else { 0 };
+
+    Command::new(BOOTCTL_PATH)
+        .arg(format!("set-active-boot-slot {target_slot}"))
+        .status()?;
+
+    let post_fs_data = std::path::Path::new(ADB_DIR).join("post-fs-data.d");
+    utils::ensure_dir_exists(&post_fs_data)?;
+    let post_ota_sh = post_fs_data.join("post_ota.sh");
+
+    let sh_content = format!(
+        r###"
+{BOOTCTL_PATH} mark-boot-successful
+rm -f {BOOTCTL_PATH}
+rm -f /data/adb/post-fs-data.d/post_ota.sh
+"###
+    );
+
+    std::fs::write(&post_ota_sh, sh_content)?;
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    std::fs::set_permissions(post_ota_sh, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o755))?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}

userspace/ksud/src/cli.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,771 @@
+use anyhow::{Ok, Result};
+use clap::Parser;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+use android_logger::Config;
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+use log::LevelFilter;
+
+use crate::{apk_sign, assets, debug, defs, init_event, ksucalls, module, utils};
+
+/// KernelSU userspace cli
+#[derive(Parser, Debug)]
+#[command(author, version = defs::VERSION_NAME, about, long_about = None)]
+struct Args {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    command: Commands,
+}
+
+#[derive(clap::Subcommand, Debug)]
+enum Commands {
+    /// Manage KernelSU modules
+    Module {
+        #[command(subcommand)]
+        command: Module,
+    },
+
+    /// Trigger `post-fs-data` event
+    PostFsData,
+
+    /// Trigger `service` event
+    Services,
+
+    /// Trigger `boot-complete` event
+    BootCompleted,
+
+    /// Install KernelSU userspace component to system
+    Install {
+        #[arg(long, default_value = None)]
+        magiskboot: Option<PathBuf>,
+    },
+
+    /// Uninstall KernelSU modules and itself(LKM Only)
+    Uninstall {
+        /// magiskboot path, if not specified, will search from $PATH
+        #[arg(long, default_value = None)]
+        magiskboot: Option<PathBuf>,
+    },
+
+    /// SELinux policy Patch tool
+    Sepolicy {
+        #[command(subcommand)]
+        command: Sepolicy,
+    },
+
+    /// Manage App Profiles
+    Profile {
+        #[command(subcommand)]
+        command: Profile,
+    },
+
+    /// Manage kernel features
+    Feature {
+        #[command(subcommand)]
+        command: Feature,
+    },
+
+    /// Patch boot or init_boot images to apply KernelSU
+    BootPatch {
+        /// boot image path, if not specified, will try to find the boot image automatically
+        #[arg(short, long)]
+        boot: Option<PathBuf>,
+
+        /// kernel image path to replace
+        #[arg(short, long)]
+        kernel: Option<PathBuf>,
+
+        /// LKM module path to replace, if not specified, will use the builtin one
+        #[arg(short, long)]
+        module: Option<PathBuf>,
+
+        /// init to be replaced
+        #[arg(short, long, requires("module"))]
+        init: Option<PathBuf>,
+
+        /// will use another slot when boot image is not specified
+        #[arg(short = 'u', long, default_value = "false")]
+        ota: bool,
+
+        /// Flash it to boot partition after patch
+        #[arg(short, long, default_value = "false")]
+        flash: bool,
+
+        /// output path, if not specified, will use current directory
+        #[arg(short, long, default_value = None)]
+        out: Option<PathBuf>,
+
+        /// magiskboot path, if not specified, will search from $PATH
+        #[arg(long, default_value = None)]
+        magiskboot: Option<PathBuf>,
+
+        /// KMI version, if specified, will use the specified KMI
+        #[arg(long, default_value = None)]
+        kmi: Option<String>,
+
+        /// target partition override (init_boot | boot | vendor_boot)
+        #[arg(long, default_value = None)]
+        partition: Option<String>,
+    },
+
+    /// Restore boot or init_boot images patched by KernelSU
+    BootRestore {
+        /// boot image path, if not specified, will try to find the boot image automatically
+        #[arg(short, long)]
+        boot: Option<PathBuf>,
+
+        /// Flash it to boot partition after patch
+        #[arg(short, long, default_value = "false")]
+        flash: bool,
+
+        /// magiskboot path, if not specified, will search from $PATH
+        #[arg(long, default_value = None)]
+        magiskboot: Option<PathBuf>,
+    },
+
+    /// Show boot information
+    BootInfo {
+        #[command(subcommand)]
+        command: BootInfo,
+    },
+
+    /// KPM module manager
+    #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")]
+    Kpm {
+        #[command(subcommand)]
+        command: kpm_cmd::Kpm,
+    },
+
+    /// Manage kernel umount paths
+    Umount {
+        #[command(subcommand)]
+        command: Umount,
+    },
+
+    /// For developers
+    Debug {
+        #[command(subcommand)]
+        command: Debug,
+    },
+    /// Kernel interface
+    Kernel {
+        #[command(subcommand)]
+        command: Kernel,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(clap::Subcommand, Debug)]
+enum BootInfo {
+    /// show current kmi version
+    CurrentKmi,
+
+    /// show supported kmi versions
+    SupportedKmis,
+
+    /// check if device is A/B capable
+    IsAbDevice,
+
+    /// show auto-selected boot partition name
+    DefaultPartition,
+
+    /// list available partitions for current or OTA toggled slot
+    AvailablePartitions,
+
+    /// show slot suffix for current or OTA toggled slot
+    SlotSuffix {
+        /// toggle to another slot
+        #[arg(short = 'u', long, default_value = "false")]
+        ota: bool,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(clap::Subcommand, Debug)]
+enum Debug {
+    /// Set the manager app, kernel CONFIG_KSU_DEBUG should be enabled.
+    SetManager {
+        /// manager package name
+        #[arg(default_value_t = String::from("com.sukisu.ultra"))]
+        apk: String,
+    },
+
+    /// Get apk size and hash
+    GetSign {
+        /// apk path
+        apk: String,
+    },
+
+    /// Root Shell
+    Su {
+        /// switch to gloabl mount namespace
+        #[arg(short, long, default_value = "false")]
+        global_mnt: bool,
+    },
+
+    /// Get kernel version
+    Version,
+
+    /// For testing
+    Test,
+
+    /// Process mark management
+    Mark {
+        #[command(subcommand)]
+        command: MarkCommand,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(clap::Subcommand, Debug)]
+enum MarkCommand {
+    /// Get mark status for a process (or all)
+    Get {
+        /// target pid (0 for total count)
+        #[arg(default_value = "0")]
+        pid: i32,
+    },
+
+    /// Mark a process
+    Mark {
+        /// target pid (0 for all processes)
+        #[arg(default_value = "0")]
+        pid: i32,
+    },
+
+    /// Unmark a process
+    Unmark {
+        /// target pid (0 for all processes)
+        #[arg(default_value = "0")]
+        pid: i32,
+    },
+
+    /// Refresh mark for all running processes
+    Refresh,
+}
+
+#[derive(clap::Subcommand, Debug)]
+enum Sepolicy {
+    /// Patch sepolicy
+    Patch {
+        /// sepolicy statements
+        sepolicy: String,
+    },
+
+    /// Apply sepolicy from file
+    Apply {
+        /// sepolicy file path
+        file: String,
+    },
+
+    /// Check if sepolicy statement is supported/valid
+    Check {
+        /// sepolicy statements
+        sepolicy: String,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(clap::Subcommand, Debug)]
+enum Module {
+    /// Install module <ZIP>
+    Install {
+        /// module zip file path
+        zip: String,
+    },
+
+    /// Undo module uninstall mark <id>
+    UndoUninstall {
+        /// module id
+        id: String,
+    },
+
+    /// Uninstall module <id>
+    Uninstall {
+        /// module id
+        id: String,
+    },
+
+    /// enable module <id>
+    Enable {
+        /// module id
+        id: String,
+    },
+
+    /// disable module <id>
+    Disable {
+        // module id
+        id: String,
+    },
+
+    /// run action for module <id>
+    Action {
+        // module id
+        id: String,
+    },
+
+    /// list all modules
+    List,
+
+    /// manage module configuration
+    Config {
+        #[command(subcommand)]
+        command: ModuleConfigCmd,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(clap::Subcommand, Debug)]
+enum ModuleConfigCmd {
+    /// Get a config value
+    Get {
+        /// config key
+        key: String,
+    },
+
+    /// Set a config value
+    Set {
+        /// config key
+        key: String,
+        /// config value
+        value: String,
+        /// use temporary config (cleared on reboot)
+        #[arg(short, long)]
+        temp: bool,
+    },
+
+    /// List all config entries
+    List,
+
+    /// Delete a config entry
+    Delete {
+        /// config key
+        key: String,
+        /// delete from temporary config
+        #[arg(short, long)]
+        temp: bool,
+    },
+
+    /// Clear all config entries
+    Clear {
+        /// clear temporary config
+        #[arg(short, long)]
+        temp: bool,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(clap::Subcommand, Debug)]
+enum Profile {
+    /// get root profile's selinux policy of <package-name>
+    GetSepolicy {
+        /// package name
+        package: String,
+    },
+
+    /// set root profile's selinux policy of <package-name> to <profile>
+    SetSepolicy {
+        /// package name
+        package: String,
+        /// policy statements
+        policy: String,
+    },
+
+    /// get template of <id>
+    GetTemplate {
+        /// template id
+        id: String,
+    },
+
+    /// set template of <id> to <template string>
+    SetTemplate {
+        /// template id
+        id: String,
+        /// template string
+        template: String,
+    },
+
+    /// delete template of <id>
+    DeleteTemplate {
+        /// template id
+        id: String,
+    },
+
+    /// list all templates
+    ListTemplates,
+}
+
+#[derive(clap::Subcommand, Debug)]
+enum Feature {
+    /// Get feature value and support status
+    Get {
+        /// Feature ID or name (su_compat, kernel_umount)
+        id: String,
+    },
+
+    /// Set feature value
+    Set {
+        /// Feature ID or name
+        id: String,
+        /// Feature value (0=disable, 1=enable)
+        value: u64,
+    },
+
+    /// List all available features
+    List,
+
+    /// Check feature status (supported/unsupported/managed)
+    Check {
+        /// Feature ID or name (su_compat, kernel_umount)
+        id: String,
+    },
+
+    /// Load configuration from file and apply to kernel
+    Load,
+
+    /// Save current kernel feature states to file
+    Save,
+}
+
+#[derive(clap::Subcommand, Debug)]
+enum Kernel {
+    /// Nuke ext4 sysfs
+    NukeExt4Sysfs {
+        /// mount point
+        mnt: String,
+    },
+    /// Manage umount list
+    Umount {
+        #[command(subcommand)]
+        command: UmountOp,
+    },
+    /// Notify that module is mounted
+    NotifyModuleMounted,
+}
+
+#[derive(clap::Subcommand, Debug)]
+enum UmountOp {
+    /// Add mount point to umount list
+    Add {
+        /// mount point path
+        mnt: String,
+        /// umount flags (default: 0, MNT_DETACH: 2)
+        #[arg(short, long, default_value = "0")]
+        flags: u32,
+    },
+    /// Delete mount point from umount list
+    Del {
+        /// mount point path
+        mnt: String,
+    },
+    /// Wipe all entries from umount list
+    Wipe,
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")]
+mod kpm_cmd {
+    use clap::Subcommand;
+    use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+    #[derive(Subcommand, Debug)]
+    pub enum Kpm {
+        /// Load a KPM module: load <path> [args]
+        Load { path: PathBuf, args: Option<String> },
+        /// Unload a KPM module: unload <name>
+        Unload { name: String },
+        /// Get number of loaded modules
+        Num,
+        /// List loaded KPM modules
+        List,
+        /// Get info of a KPM module: info <name>
+        Info { name: String },
+        /// Send control command to a KPM module: control <name> <args>
+        Control { name: String, args: String },
+        /// Print KPM Loader version
+        Version,
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(clap::Subcommand, Debug)]
+enum Umount {
+    /// Add custom umount path
+    Add {
+        /// Mount path to add
+        path: String,
+
+        /// Check mount type (overlay)
+        #[arg(long, default_value = "false")]
+
+        /// Umount flags (0 or 8 for MNT_DETACH)
+        #[arg(long, default_value = "-1")]
+        flags: i32,
+    },
+
+    /// Remove custom umount path
+    Remove {
+        /// Mount path to remove
+        path: String,
+    },
+
+    /// List all umount paths
+    List,
+
+    /// Clear all recorded umount paths
+    ClearCustom,
+
+    /// Save configuration to file
+    Save,
+
+    /// Load and apply configuration from file
+    Load,
+
+    /// Apply current configuration to kernel
+    Apply,
+}
+
+pub fn run() -> Result<()> {
+    #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+    android_logger::init_once(
+        Config::default()
+            .with_max_level(LevelFilter::Trace) // limit log level
+            .with_tag("KernelSU"), // logs will show under mytag tag
+    );
+
+    #[cfg(not(target_os = "android"))]
+    env_logger::init();
+
+    // the kernel executes su with argv[0] = "su" and replace it with us
+    let arg0 = std::env::args().next().unwrap_or_default();
+    if arg0 == "su" || arg0 == "/system/bin/su" {
+        return crate::su::root_shell();
+    }
+
+    let cli = Args::parse();
+
+    log::info!("command: {:?}", cli.command);
+
+    let result = match cli.command {
+        Commands::PostFsData => init_event::on_post_data_fs(),
+        Commands::BootCompleted => init_event::on_boot_completed(),
+
+        Commands::Module { command } => {
+            #[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+            {
+                utils::switch_mnt_ns(1)?;
+            }
+            match command {
+                Module::Install { zip } => module::install_module(&zip),
+                Module::UndoUninstall { id } => module::undo_uninstall_module(&id),
+                Module::Uninstall { id } => module::uninstall_module(&id),
+                Module::Enable { id } => module::enable_module(&id),
+                Module::Disable { id } => module::disable_module(&id),
+                Module::Action { id } => module::run_action(&id),
+                Module::List => module::list_modules(),
+                Module::Config { command } => {
+                    // Get module ID from environment variable
+                    let module_id = std::env::var("KSU_MODULE").map_err(|_| {
+                        anyhow::anyhow!("This command must be run in the context of a module")
+                    })?;
+
+                    use crate::module_config;
+                    match command {
+                        ModuleConfigCmd::Get { key } => {
+                            // Use merge_configs to respect priority (temp overrides persist)
+                            let config = module_config::merge_configs(&module_id)?;
+                            match config.get(&key) {
+                                Some(value) => {
+                                    println!("{}", value);
+                                    Ok(())
+                                }
+                                None => anyhow::bail!("Key '{}' not found", key),
+                            }
+                        }
+                        ModuleConfigCmd::Set { key, value, temp } => {
+                            // Validate input at CLI layer for better user experience
+                            module_config::validate_config_key(&key)?;
+                            module_config::validate_config_value(&value)?;
+
+                            let config_type = if temp {
+                                module_config::ConfigType::Temp
+                            } else {
+                                module_config::ConfigType::Persist
+                            };
+                            module_config::set_config_value(&module_id, &key, &value, config_type)
+                        }
+                        ModuleConfigCmd::List => {
+                            let config = module_config::merge_configs(&module_id)?;
+                            if config.is_empty() {
+                                println!("No config entries found");
+                            } else {
+                                for (key, value) in config {
+                                    println!("{}={}", key, value);
+                                }
+                            }
+                            Ok(())
+                        }
+                        ModuleConfigCmd::Delete { key, temp } => {
+                            let config_type = if temp {
+                                module_config::ConfigType::Temp
+                            } else {
+                                module_config::ConfigType::Persist
+                            };
+                            module_config::delete_config_value(&module_id, &key, config_type)
+                        }
+                        ModuleConfigCmd::Clear { temp } => {
+                            let config_type = if temp {
+                                module_config::ConfigType::Temp
+                            } else {
+                                module_config::ConfigType::Persist
+                            };
+                            module_config::clear_config(&module_id, config_type)
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Commands::Install { magiskboot } => utils::install(magiskboot),
+        Commands::Uninstall { magiskboot } => utils::uninstall(magiskboot),
+        Commands::Sepolicy { command } => match command {
+            Sepolicy::Patch { sepolicy } => crate::sepolicy::live_patch(&sepolicy),
+            Sepolicy::Apply { file } => crate::sepolicy::apply_file(file),
+            Sepolicy::Check { sepolicy } => crate::sepolicy::check_rule(&sepolicy),
+        },
+        Commands::Services => init_event::on_services(),
+        Commands::Profile { command } => match command {
+            Profile::GetSepolicy { package } => crate::profile::get_sepolicy(package),
+            Profile::SetSepolicy { package, policy } => {
+                crate::profile::set_sepolicy(package, policy)
+            }
+            Profile::GetTemplate { id } => crate::profile::get_template(id),
+            Profile::SetTemplate { id, template } => crate::profile::set_template(id, template),
+            Profile::DeleteTemplate { id } => crate::profile::delete_template(id),
+            Profile::ListTemplates => crate::profile::list_templates(),
+        },
+
+        Commands::Feature { command } => match command {
+            Feature::Get { id } => crate::feature::get_feature(id),
+            Feature::Set { id, value } => crate::feature::set_feature(id, value),
+            Feature::List => crate::feature::list_features(),
+            Feature::Check { id } => crate::feature::check_feature(id),
+            Feature::Load => crate::feature::load_config_and_apply(),
+            Feature::Save => crate::feature::save_config(),
+        },
+
+        Commands::Debug { command } => match command {
+            Debug::SetManager { apk } => debug::set_manager(&apk),
+            Debug::GetSign { apk } => {
+                let sign = apk_sign::get_apk_signature(&apk)?;
+                println!("size: {:#x}, hash: {}", sign.0, sign.1);
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            Debug::Version => {
+                println!("Kernel Version: {}", ksucalls::get_version());
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            Debug::Su { global_mnt } => crate::su::grant_root(global_mnt),
+            Debug::Test => assets::ensure_binaries(false),
+            Debug::Mark { command } => match command {
+                MarkCommand::Get { pid } => debug::mark_get(pid),
+                MarkCommand::Mark { pid } => debug::mark_set(pid),
+                MarkCommand::Unmark { pid } => debug::mark_unset(pid),
+                MarkCommand::Refresh => debug::mark_refresh(),
+            },
+        },
+
+        Commands::BootPatch {
+            boot,
+            init,
+            kernel,
+            module,
+            ota,
+            flash,
+            out,
+            magiskboot,
+            kmi,
+            partition,
+        } => crate::boot_patch::patch(
+            boot, kernel, module, init, ota, flash, out, magiskboot, kmi, partition,
+        ),
+
+        Commands::BootInfo { command } => match command {
+            BootInfo::CurrentKmi => {
+                let kmi = crate::boot_patch::get_current_kmi()?;
+                println!("{kmi}");
+                // return here to avoid printing the error message
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+            BootInfo::SupportedKmis => {
+                let kmi = crate::assets::list_supported_kmi()?;
+                kmi.iter().for_each(|kmi| println!("{kmi}"));
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+            BootInfo::IsAbDevice => {
+                let val = crate::utils::getprop("ro.build.ab_update")
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| String::from("false"));
+                let is_ab = val.trim().to_lowercase() == "true";
+                println!("{}", if is_ab { "true" } else { "false" });
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+            BootInfo::DefaultPartition => {
+                let kmi = crate::boot_patch::get_current_kmi().unwrap_or_else(|_| String::from(""));
+                let name = crate::boot_patch::choose_boot_partition(&kmi, false, &None);
+                println!("{name}");
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+            BootInfo::SlotSuffix { ota } => {
+                let suffix = crate::boot_patch::get_slot_suffix(ota);
+                println!("{suffix}");
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+            BootInfo::AvailablePartitions => {
+                let parts = crate::boot_patch::list_available_partitions();
+                parts.iter().for_each(|p| println!("{p}"));
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+        },
+        Commands::BootRestore {
+            boot,
+            magiskboot,
+            flash,
+        } => crate::boot_patch::restore(boot, magiskboot, flash),
+        Commands::Kernel { command } => match command {
+            Kernel::NukeExt4Sysfs { mnt } => ksucalls::nuke_ext4_sysfs(&mnt),
+            Kernel::Umount { command } => match command {
+                UmountOp::Add { mnt, flags } => ksucalls::umount_list_add(&mnt, flags),
+                UmountOp::Del { mnt } => ksucalls::umount_list_del(&mnt),
+                UmountOp::Wipe => ksucalls::umount_list_wipe().map_err(Into::into),
+            },
+            Kernel::NotifyModuleMounted => {
+                ksucalls::report_module_mounted();
+                Ok(())
+            }
+        },
+        #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")]
+        Commands::Kpm { command } => {
+            use crate::cli::kpm_cmd::Kpm;
+            match command {
+                Kpm::Load { path, args } => {
+                    crate::kpm::kpm_load(path.to_str().unwrap(), args.as_deref())
+                }
+                Kpm::Unload { name } => crate::kpm::kpm_unload(&name),
+                Kpm::Num => crate::kpm::kpm_num().map(|_| ()),
+                Kpm::List => crate::kpm::kpm_list(),
+                Kpm::Info { name } => crate::kpm::kpm_info(&name),
+                Kpm::Control { name, args } => {
+                    let ret = crate::kpm::kpm_control(&name, &args)?;
+                    println!("{}", ret);
+                    Ok(())
+                }
+                Kpm::Version => crate::kpm::kpm_version_loader(),
+            }
+        }
+        Commands::Umount { command } => match command {
+            Umount::Add { path, flags } => crate::umount_manager::add_umount_path(&path, flags),
+            Umount::Remove { path } => crate::umount_manager::remove_umount_path(&path),
+            Umount::List => crate::umount_manager::list_umount_paths(),
+            Umount::ClearCustom => crate::umount_manager::clear_custom_paths(),
+            Umount::Save => crate::umount_manager::save_umount_config(),
+            Umount::Load => crate::umount_manager::load_and_apply_config(),
+            Umount::Apply => crate::umount_manager::apply_config_to_kernel(),
+        },
+    };
+
+    if let Err(e) = &result {
+        log::error!("Error: {e:?}");
+    }
+    result
+}

userspace/ksud/src/debug.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+use anyhow::{Context, Ok, Result, bail, ensure};
+use std::{
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+    process::Command,
+};
+
+use crate::ksucalls;
+
+const KERNEL_PARAM_PATH: &str = "/sys/module/kernelsu";
+
+fn read_u32(path: &PathBuf) -> Result<u32> {
+    let content = std::fs::read_to_string(path)?;
+    let content = content.trim();
+    let content = content.parse::<u32>()?;
+    Ok(content)
+}
+
+fn set_kernel_param(uid: u32) -> Result<()> {
+    let kernel_param_path = Path::new(KERNEL_PARAM_PATH).join("parameters");
+
+    let ksu_debug_manager_uid = kernel_param_path.join("ksu_debug_manager_uid");
+    let before_uid = read_u32(&ksu_debug_manager_uid)?;
+    std::fs::write(&ksu_debug_manager_uid, uid.to_string())?;
+    let after_uid = read_u32(&ksu_debug_manager_uid)?;
+
+    println!("set manager uid: {before_uid} -> {after_uid}");
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+fn get_pkg_uid(pkg: &str) -> Result<u32> {
+    // stat /data/data/<pkg>
+    let uid = rustix::fs::stat(format!("/data/data/{pkg}"))
+        .with_context(|| format!("stat /data/data/{pkg}"))?
+        .st_uid;
+    Ok(uid)
+}
+
+pub fn set_manager(pkg: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    ensure!(
+        Path::new(KERNEL_PARAM_PATH).exists(),
+        "CONFIG_KSU_DEBUG is not enabled"
+    );
+
+    #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+    let uid = get_pkg_uid(pkg)?;
+    #[cfg(not(target_os = "android"))]
+    let uid = 0;
+    set_kernel_param(uid)?;
+    // force-stop it
+    let _ = Command::new("am").args(["force-stop", pkg]).status();
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Get mark status for a process
+pub fn mark_get(pid: i32) -> Result<()> {
+    let result = ksucalls::mark_get(pid)?;
+    if pid == 0 {
+        bail!("Please specify a pid to get its mark status");
+    } else {
+        println!(
+            "Process {} mark status: {}",
+            pid,
+            if result != 0 { "marked" } else { "unmarked" }
+        );
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Mark a process
+pub fn mark_set(pid: i32) -> Result<()> {
+    ksucalls::mark_set(pid)?;
+    if pid == 0 {
+        println!("All processes marked successfully");
+    } else {
+        println!("Process {} marked successfully", pid);
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Unmark a process
+pub fn mark_unset(pid: i32) -> Result<()> {
+    ksucalls::mark_unset(pid)?;
+    if pid == 0 {
+        println!("All processes unmarked successfully");
+    } else {
+        println!("Process {} unmarked successfully", pid);
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Refresh mark for all running processes
+pub fn mark_refresh() -> Result<()> {
+    ksucalls::mark_refresh()?;
+    println!("Refreshed mark for all running processes");
+    Ok(())
+}

userspace/ksud/src/defs.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+use const_format::concatcp;
+
+pub const ADB_DIR: &str = "/data/adb/";
+pub const WORKING_DIR: &str = concatcp!(ADB_DIR, "ksu/");
+pub const BINARY_DIR: &str = concatcp!(WORKING_DIR, "bin/");
+pub const LOG_DIR: &str = concatcp!(WORKING_DIR, "log/");
+
+pub const PROFILE_DIR: &str = concatcp!(WORKING_DIR, "profile/");
+pub const PROFILE_SELINUX_DIR: &str = concatcp!(PROFILE_DIR, "selinux/");
+pub const PROFILE_TEMPLATE_DIR: &str = concatcp!(PROFILE_DIR, "templates/");
+
+pub const KSURC_PATH: &str = concatcp!(WORKING_DIR, ".ksurc");
+pub const DAEMON_PATH: &str = concatcp!(ADB_DIR, "ksud");
+pub const MAGISKBOOT_PATH: &str = concatcp!(BINARY_DIR, "magiskboot");
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+pub const DAEMON_LINK_PATH: &str = concatcp!(BINARY_DIR, "ksud");
+
+pub const MODULE_DIR: &str = concatcp!(ADB_DIR, "modules/");
+pub const MODULE_UPDATE_DIR: &str = concatcp!(ADB_DIR, "modules_update/");
+pub const METAMODULE_DIR: &str = concatcp!(ADB_DIR, "metamodule/");
+
+pub const MODULE_WEB_DIR: &str = "webroot";
+pub const MODULE_ACTION_SH: &str = "action.sh";
+pub const DISABLE_FILE_NAME: &str = "disable";
+pub const UPDATE_FILE_NAME: &str = "update";
+pub const REMOVE_FILE_NAME: &str = "remove";
+
+// Module config system
+pub const MODULE_CONFIG_DIR: &str = concatcp!(WORKING_DIR, "module_configs/");
+pub const PERSIST_CONFIG_NAME: &str = "persist.config";
+pub const TEMP_CONFIG_NAME: &str = "tmp.config";
+
+// Metamodule support
+pub const METAMODULE_MOUNT_SCRIPT: &str = "metamount.sh";
+pub const METAMODULE_METAINSTALL_SCRIPT: &str = "metainstall.sh";
+pub const METAMODULE_METAUNINSTALL_SCRIPT: &str = "metauninstall.sh";
+
+pub const VERSION_CODE: &str = include_str!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/VERSION_CODE"));
+pub const VERSION_NAME: &str = include_str!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/VERSION_NAME"));
+
+pub const KSU_BACKUP_DIR: &str = WORKING_DIR;
+pub const KSU_BACKUP_FILE_PREFIX: &str = "ksu_backup_";
+pub const BACKUP_FILENAME: &str = "stock_image.sha1";

userspace/ksud/src/feature.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,454 @@
+use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};
+use const_format::concatcp;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::io::{Read, Write};
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use crate::defs;
+
+const FEATURE_CONFIG_PATH: &str = concatcp!(defs::WORKING_DIR, ".feature_config");
+const FEATURE_MAGIC: u32 = 0x7f4b5355;
+const FEATURE_VERSION: u32 = 1;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[repr(u32)]
+pub enum FeatureId {
+    SuCompat = 0,
+    KernelUmount = 1,
+    EnhancedSecurity = 2,
+    SuLog = 3,
+}
+
+impl FeatureId {
+    pub fn from_u32(id: u32) -> Option<Self> {
+        match id {
+            0 => Some(FeatureId::SuCompat),
+            1 => Some(FeatureId::KernelUmount),
+            2 => Some(FeatureId::EnhancedSecurity),
+            3 => Some(FeatureId::SuLog),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            FeatureId::SuCompat => "su_compat",
+            FeatureId::KernelUmount => "kernel_umount",
+            FeatureId::EnhancedSecurity => "enhanced_security",
+            FeatureId::SuLog => "sulog",
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn description(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            FeatureId::SuCompat => {
+                "SU Compatibility Mode - allows authorized apps to gain root via traditional 'su' command"
+            }
+            FeatureId::KernelUmount => {
+                "Kernel Umount - controls whether kernel automatically unmounts modules when not needed"
+            }
+            FeatureId::EnhancedSecurity => {
+                "Enhanced Security - disable non‑KSU root elevation and unauthorized UID downgrades"
+            }
+            FeatureId::SuLog => {
+                "SU Log - enables logging of SU command usage to kernel log for auditing purposes"
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_feature_id(name: &str) -> Result<FeatureId> {
+    match name {
+        "su_compat" | "0" => Ok(FeatureId::SuCompat),
+        "kernel_umount" | "1" => Ok(FeatureId::KernelUmount),
+        "enhanced_security" | "2" => Ok(FeatureId::EnhancedSecurity),
+        "sulog" | "3" => Ok(FeatureId::SuLog),
+        _ => bail!("Unknown feature: {}", name),
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn load_binary_config() -> Result<HashMap<u32, u64>> {
+    let path = Path::new(FEATURE_CONFIG_PATH);
+    if !path.exists() {
+        log::info!("Feature config not found, using defaults");
+        return Ok(HashMap::new());
+    }
+
+    let mut file = File::open(path).with_context(|| "Failed to open feature config")?;
+
+    let mut magic_buf = [0u8; 4];
+    file.read_exact(&mut magic_buf)
+        .with_context(|| "Failed to read magic")?;
+    let magic = u32::from_le_bytes(magic_buf);
+
+    if magic != FEATURE_MAGIC {
+        bail!(
+            "Invalid feature config magic: expected 0x{:08x}, got 0x{:08x}",
+            FEATURE_MAGIC,
+            magic
+        );
+    }
+
+    let mut version_buf = [0u8; 4];
+    file.read_exact(&mut version_buf)
+        .with_context(|| "Failed to read version")?;
+    let version = u32::from_le_bytes(version_buf);
+
+    if version != FEATURE_VERSION {
+        log::warn!(
+            "Feature config version mismatch: expected {}, got {}",
+            FEATURE_VERSION,
+            version
+        );
+    }
+
+    let mut count_buf = [0u8; 4];
+    file.read_exact(&mut count_buf)
+        .with_context(|| "Failed to read count")?;
+    let count = u32::from_le_bytes(count_buf);
+
+    let mut features = HashMap::new();
+    for _ in 0..count {
+        let mut id_buf = [0u8; 4];
+        let mut value_buf = [0u8; 8];
+
+        file.read_exact(&mut id_buf)
+            .with_context(|| "Failed to read feature id")?;
+        file.read_exact(&mut value_buf)
+            .with_context(|| "Failed to read feature value")?;
+
+        let id = u32::from_le_bytes(id_buf);
+        let value = u64::from_le_bytes(value_buf);
+
+        features.insert(id, value);
+    }
+
+    log::info!("Loaded {} features from config", features.len());
+    Ok(features)
+}
+
+pub fn save_binary_config(features: &HashMap<u32, u64>) -> Result<()> {
+    crate::utils::ensure_dir_exists(Path::new(defs::WORKING_DIR))?;
+
+    let path = Path::new(FEATURE_CONFIG_PATH);
+    let mut file = File::create(path).with_context(|| "Failed to create feature config")?;
+
+    file.write_all(&FEATURE_MAGIC.to_le_bytes())
+        .with_context(|| "Failed to write magic")?;
+
+    file.write_all(&FEATURE_VERSION.to_le_bytes())
+        .with_context(|| "Failed to write version")?;
+
+    let count = features.len() as u32;
+    file.write_all(&count.to_le_bytes())
+        .with_context(|| "Failed to write count")?;
+
+    for (&id, &value) in features.iter() {
+        file.write_all(&id.to_le_bytes())
+            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to write feature id {}", id))?;
+        file.write_all(&value.to_le_bytes())
+            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to write feature value for id {}", id))?;
+    }
+
+    file.sync_all()
+        .with_context(|| "Failed to sync feature config")?;
+
+    log::info!("Saved {} features to config", features.len());
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn apply_config(features: &HashMap<u32, u64>) -> Result<()> {
+    log::info!("Applying feature configuration to kernel...");
+
+    let mut applied = 0;
+    for (&id, &value) in features.iter() {
+        match crate::ksucalls::set_feature(id, value) {
+            Ok(_) => {
+                if let Some(feature_id) = FeatureId::from_u32(id) {
+                    log::info!("Set feature {} to {}", feature_id.name(), value);
+                } else {
+                    log::info!("Set feature {} to {}", id, value);
+                }
+                applied += 1;
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                log::warn!("Failed to set feature {}: {}", id, e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    log::info!("Applied {} features successfully", applied);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn get_feature(id: String) -> Result<()> {
+    let feature_id = parse_feature_id(&id)?;
+    let (value, supported) = crate::ksucalls::get_feature(feature_id as u32)
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to get feature {}", id))?;
+
+    if !supported {
+        println!("Feature '{}' is not supported by kernel", id);
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    println!("Feature: {} ({})", feature_id.name(), feature_id as u32);
+    println!("Description: {}", feature_id.description());
+    println!("Value: {}", value);
+    println!(
+        "Status: {}",
+        if value != 0 { "enabled" } else { "disabled" }
+    );
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn set_feature(id: String, value: u64) -> Result<()> {
+    let feature_id = parse_feature_id(&id)?;
+
+    // Check if this feature is managed by any module
+    if let Ok(managed_features_map) = crate::module::get_managed_features() {
+        // Find which modules manage this feature
+        let managing_modules: Vec<&String> = managed_features_map
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|(_, features)| features.iter().any(|f| f == feature_id.name()))
+            .map(|(module_id, _)| module_id)
+            .collect();
+
+        if !managing_modules.is_empty() {
+            // Feature is managed, check if caller is an authorized module
+            let caller_module = std::env::var("KSU_MODULE").unwrap_or_default();
+
+            if caller_module.is_empty() || !managing_modules.contains(&&caller_module) {
+                bail!(
+                    "Feature '{}' is managed by module(s): {}. Direct modification is not allowed.",
+                    feature_id.name(),
+                    managing_modules
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|s| s.as_str())
+                        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                        .join(", ")
+                );
+            }
+
+            log::info!(
+                "Module '{}' is setting managed feature '{}'",
+                caller_module,
+                feature_id.name()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    crate::ksucalls::set_feature(feature_id as u32, value)
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to set feature {} to {}", id, value))?;
+
+    println!(
+        "Feature '{}' set to {} ({})",
+        feature_id.name(),
+        value,
+        if value != 0 { "enabled" } else { "disabled" }
+    );
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn list_features() -> Result<()> {
+    println!("Available Features:");
+    println!("{}", "=".repeat(80));
+
+    // Get managed features from modules
+    let managed_features_map = crate::module::get_managed_features().unwrap_or_default();
+
+    // Build a reverse map: feature_name -> Vec<module_id>
+    let mut feature_to_modules: HashMap<String, Vec<String>> = HashMap::new();
+    for (module_id, feature_list) in managed_features_map.iter() {
+        for feature_name in feature_list {
+            feature_to_modules
+                .entry(feature_name.clone())
+                .or_default()
+                .push(module_id.clone());
+        }
+    }
+
+    let all_features = [
+        FeatureId::SuCompat,
+        FeatureId::KernelUmount,
+        FeatureId::EnhancedSecurity,
+        FeatureId::SuLog,
+    ];
+
+    for feature_id in all_features.iter() {
+        let id = *feature_id as u32;
+        let (value, supported) = crate::ksucalls::get_feature(id).unwrap_or((0, false));
+
+        let status = if !supported {
+            "NOT_SUPPORTED".to_string()
+        } else if value != 0 {
+            format!("ENABLED ({})", value)
+        } else {
+            "DISABLED".to_string()
+        };
+
+        let managed_by = feature_to_modules.get(feature_id.name());
+        let managed_mark = if managed_by.is_some() {
+            " [MODULE_MANAGED]"
+        } else {
+            ""
+        };
+
+        println!(
+            "[{}] {} (ID={}){}",
+            status,
+            feature_id.name(),
+            id,
+            managed_mark
+        );
+        println!("    {}", feature_id.description());
+
+        if let Some(modules) = managed_by {
+            println!(
+                "    ⚠️  Managed by module(s): {} (forced to 0 on initialization)",
+                modules.join(", ")
+            );
+        }
+
+        println!();
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn load_config_and_apply() -> Result<()> {
+    let features = load_binary_config()?;
+
+    if features.is_empty() {
+        println!("No features found in config file");
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    apply_config(&features)?;
+    println!("Feature configuration loaded and applied");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn save_config() -> Result<()> {
+    let mut features = HashMap::new();
+
+    let all_features = [
+        FeatureId::SuCompat,
+        FeatureId::KernelUmount,
+        FeatureId::EnhancedSecurity,
+        FeatureId::SuLog,
+    ];
+
+    for feature_id in all_features.iter() {
+        let id = *feature_id as u32;
+        if let Ok((value, supported)) = crate::ksucalls::get_feature(id)
+            && supported
+        {
+            features.insert(id, value);
+            log::info!("Saved feature {} = {}", feature_id.name(), value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    save_binary_config(&features)?;
+    println!(
+        "Current feature states saved to config file ({} features)",
+        features.len()
+    );
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn check_feature(id: String) -> Result<()> {
+    let feature_id = parse_feature_id(&id)?;
+
+    // Check if this feature is managed by any module
+    let managed_features_map = crate::module::get_managed_features().unwrap_or_default();
+    let is_managed = managed_features_map
+        .values()
+        .any(|features| features.iter().any(|f| f == feature_id.name()));
+
+    if is_managed {
+        println!("managed");
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    // Check if the feature is supported by kernel
+    let (_value, supported) = crate::ksucalls::get_feature(feature_id as u32)
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to get feature {}", id))?;
+
+    if supported {
+        println!("supported");
+    } else {
+        println!("unsupported");
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn init_features() -> Result<()> {
+    log::info!("Initializing features from config...");
+
+    let mut features = load_binary_config()?;
+
+    // Get managed features from active modules and skip them during init
+    if let Ok(managed_features_map) = crate::module::get_managed_features() {
+        if !managed_features_map.is_empty() {
+            log::info!(
+                "Found {} modules managing features",
+                managed_features_map.len()
+            );
+
+            // Build a set of all managed feature IDs to skip
+            for (module_id, feature_list) in managed_features_map.iter() {
+                log::info!(
+                    "Module '{}' manages {} feature(s)",
+                    module_id,
+                    feature_list.len()
+                );
+                for feature_name in feature_list {
+                    if let Ok(feature_id) = parse_feature_id(feature_name) {
+                        let feature_id_u32 = feature_id as u32;
+                        // Remove managed features from config, let modules control them
+                        if features.remove(&feature_id_u32).is_some() {
+                            log::info!(
+                                "  - Skipping managed feature '{}' (controlled by module: {})",
+                                feature_name,
+                                module_id
+                            );
+                        } else {
+                            log::info!(
+                                "  - Feature '{}' is managed by module '{}', skipping",
+                                feature_name,
+                                module_id
+                            );
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        log::warn!(
+                            "  - Unknown managed feature '{}' from module '{}', ignoring",
+                            feature_name,
+                            module_id
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        log::warn!(
+            "Failed to get managed features from modules, continuing with normal initialization"
+        );
+    }
+
+    if features.is_empty() {
+        log::info!("No features to apply, skipping initialization");
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    apply_config(&features)?;
+
+    // Save the configuration (excluding managed features)
+    save_binary_config(&features)?;
+    log::info!("Saved feature configuration to file");
+
+    Ok(())
+}

userspace/ksud/src/init_event.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+#[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")]
+use crate::kpm;
+use crate::module::{handle_updated_modules, prune_modules};
+use crate::utils::is_safe_mode;
+use crate::{
+    assets, defs, ksucalls, metamodule, restorecon,
+    utils::{self},
+};
+use anyhow::{Context, Result};
+use log::{info, warn};
+use std::path::Path;
+
+pub fn on_post_data_fs() -> Result<()> {
+    ksucalls::report_post_fs_data();
+
+    utils::umask(0);
+
+    // Clear all temporary module configs early
+    if let Err(e) = crate::module_config::clear_all_temp_configs() {
+        warn!("clear temp configs failed: {e}");
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    let _ = catch_bootlog("logcat", vec!["logcat"]);
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    let _ = catch_bootlog("dmesg", vec!["dmesg", "-w"]);
+
+    if utils::has_magisk() {
+        warn!("Magisk detected, skip post-fs-data!");
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    let safe_mode = crate::utils::is_safe_mode();
+
+    if safe_mode {
+        // we should still ensure module directory exists in safe mode
+        // because we may need to operate the module dir in safe mode
+        warn!("safe mode, skip common post-fs-data.d scripts");
+    } else {
+        // Then exec common post-fs-data scripts
+        if let Err(e) = crate::module::exec_common_scripts("post-fs-data.d", true) {
+            warn!("exec common post-fs-data scripts failed: {e}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    let module_dir = defs::MODULE_DIR;
+
+    assets::ensure_binaries(true).with_context(|| "Failed to extract bin assets")?;
+
+    // Start UID scanner daemon with highest priority
+    crate::uid_scanner::start_uid_scanner_daemon()?;
+
+    if is_safe_mode() {
+        warn!("safe mode, skip load feature config");
+    } else if let Err(e) = crate::umount_manager::load_and_apply_config() {
+        warn!("Failed to load umount config: {e}");
+    }
+
+    // if we are in safe mode, we should disable all modules
+    if safe_mode {
+        warn!("safe mode, skip post-fs-data scripts and disable all modules!");
+        if let Err(e) = crate::module::disable_all_modules() {
+            warn!("disable all modules failed: {e}");
+        }
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    if let Err(e) = handle_updated_modules() {
+        warn!("handle updated modules failed: {e}");
+    }
+
+    if let Err(e) = prune_modules() {
+        warn!("prune modules failed: {e}");
+    }
+
+    if let Err(e) = restorecon::restorecon() {
+        warn!("restorecon failed: {e}");
+    }
+
+    // load sepolicy.rule
+    if crate::module::load_sepolicy_rule().is_err() {
+        warn!("load sepolicy.rule failed");
+    }
+
+    if let Err(e) = crate::profile::apply_sepolies() {
+        warn!("apply root profile sepolicy failed: {e}");
+    }
+
+    // load feature config
+    if is_safe_mode() {
+        warn!("safe mode, skip load feature config");
+    } else if let Err(e) = crate::feature::init_features() {
+        warn!("init features failed: {e}");
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")]
+    if let Err(e) = kpm::start_kpm_watcher() {
+        warn!("KPM: Failed to start KPM watcher: {e}");
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")]
+    if let Err(e) = kpm::load_kpm_modules() {
+        warn!("KPM: Failed to load KPM modules: {e}");
+    }
+
+    // execute metamodule post-fs-data script first (priority)
+    if let Err(e) = metamodule::exec_stage_script("post-fs-data", true) {
+        warn!("exec metamodule post-fs-data script failed: {e}");
+    }
+
+    // exec modules post-fs-data scripts
+    // TODO: Add timeout
+    if let Err(e) = crate::module::exec_stage_script("post-fs-data", true) {
+        warn!("exec post-fs-data scripts failed: {e}");
+    }
+
+    // load system.prop
+    if let Err(e) = crate::module::load_system_prop() {
+        warn!("load system.prop failed: {e}");
+    }
+
+    // execute metamodule mount script
+    if let Err(e) = metamodule::exec_mount_script(module_dir) {
+        warn!("execute metamodule mount failed: {e}");
+    }
+
+    run_stage("post-mount", true);
+
+    std::env::set_current_dir("/").with_context(|| "failed to chdir to /")?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn run_stage(stage: &str, block: bool) {
+    utils::umask(0);
+
+    if utils::has_magisk() {
+        warn!("Magisk detected, skip {stage}");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if crate::utils::is_safe_mode() {
+        warn!("safe mode, skip {stage} scripts");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if let Err(e) = crate::module::exec_common_scripts(&format!("{stage}.d"), block) {
+        warn!("Failed to exec common {stage} scripts: {e}");
+    }
+
+    // execute metamodule stage script first (priority)
+    if let Err(e) = metamodule::exec_stage_script(stage, block) {
+        warn!("Failed to exec metamodule {stage} script: {e}");
+    }
+
+    // execute regular modules stage scripts
+    if let Err(e) = crate::module::exec_stage_script(stage, block) {
+        warn!("Failed to exec {stage} scripts: {e}");
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn on_services() -> Result<()> {
+    info!("on_services triggered!");
+    run_stage("service", false);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn on_boot_completed() -> Result<()> {
+    ksucalls::report_boot_complete();
+    info!("on_boot_completed triggered!");
+
+    run_stage("boot-completed", false);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(unix)]
+fn catch_bootlog(logname: &str, command: Vec<&str>) -> Result<()> {
+    use std::os::unix::process::CommandExt;
+    use std::process::Stdio;
+
+    let logdir = Path::new(defs::LOG_DIR);
+    utils::ensure_dir_exists(logdir)?;
+    let bootlog = logdir.join(format!("{logname}.log"));
+    let oldbootlog = logdir.join(format!("{logname}.old.log"));
+
+    if bootlog.exists() {
+        std::fs::rename(&bootlog, oldbootlog)?;
+    }
+
+    let bootlog = std::fs::File::create(bootlog)?;
+
+    let mut args = vec!["-s", "9", "30s"];
+    args.extend_from_slice(&command);
+    // timeout -s 9 30s logcat > boot.log
+    let result = unsafe {
+        std::process::Command::new("timeout")
+            .process_group(0)
+            .pre_exec(|| {
+                utils::switch_cgroups();
+                Ok(())
+            })
+            .args(args)
+            .stdout(Stdio::from(bootlog))
+            .spawn()
+    };
+
+    if let Err(e) = result {
+        warn!("Failed to start logcat: {e:#}");
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}

userspace/ksud/src/installer.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,479 @@
+#!/system/bin/sh
+############################################
+# KernelSU installer script
+# mostly from module_installer.sh
+# and util_functions.sh in Magisk
+############################################
+
+umask 022
+
+ui_print() {
+  if $BOOTMODE; then
+    echo "$1"
+  else
+    echo -e "ui_print $1\nui_print" >> /proc/self/fd/$OUTFD
+  fi
+}
+
+toupper() {
+  echo "$@" | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'
+}
+
+grep_cmdline() {
+  local REGEX="s/^$1=//p"
+  { echo $(cat /proc/cmdline)$(sed -e 's/[^"]//g' -e 's/""//g' /proc/cmdline) | xargs -n 1; \
+    sed -e 's/ = /=/g' -e 's/, /,/g' -e 's/"//g' /proc/bootconfig; \
+  } 2>/dev/null | sed -n "$REGEX"
+}
+
+grep_prop() {
+  local REGEX="s/$1=//p"
+  shift
+  local FILES=$@
+  [ -z "$FILES" ] && FILES='/system/build.prop'
+  cat $FILES 2>/dev/null | dos2unix | sed -n "$REGEX" | head -n 1 | xargs
+}
+
+grep_get_prop() {
+  local result=$(grep_prop $@)
+  if [ -z "$result" ]; then
+    # Fallback to getprop
+    getprop "$1"
+  else
+    echo $result
+  fi
+}
+
+is_mounted() {
+  grep -q " $(readlink -f $1) " /proc/mounts 2>/dev/null
+  return $?
+}
+
+abort() {
+  ui_print "$1"
+  $BOOTMODE || recovery_cleanup
+  [ ! -z $MODPATH ] && rm -rf $MODPATH
+  rm -rf $TMPDIR
+  exit 1
+}
+
+print_title() {
+  local len line1len line2len bar
+  line1len=$(echo -n $1 | wc -c)
+  line2len=$(echo -n $2 | wc -c)
+  len=$line2len
+  [ $line1len -gt $line2len ] && len=$line1len
+  len=$((len + 2))
+  bar=$(printf "%${len}s" | tr ' ' '*')
+  ui_print "$bar"
+  ui_print " $1 "
+  [ "$2" ] && ui_print " $2 "
+  ui_print "$bar"
+}
+
+check_sepolicy() {
+    /data/adb/ksud sepolicy check "$1"
+    return $?
+}
+
+######################
+# Environment Related
+######################
+
+setup_flashable() {
+  ensure_bb
+  $BOOTMODE && return
+  if [ -z $OUTFD ] || readlink /proc/$$/fd/$OUTFD | grep -q /tmp; then
+    # We will have to manually find out OUTFD
+    for FD in `ls /proc/$$/fd`; do
+      if readlink /proc/$$/fd/$FD | grep -q pipe; then
+        if ps | grep -v grep | grep -qE " 3 $FD |status_fd=$FD"; then
+          OUTFD=$FD
+          break
+        fi
+      fi
+    done
+  fi
+  recovery_actions
+}
+
+ensure_bb() {
+  :
+}
+
+recovery_actions() {
+  :
+}
+
+recovery_cleanup() {
+  :
+}
+
+#######################
+# Installation Related
+#######################
+
+# find_block [partname...]
+find_block() {
+  local BLOCK DEV DEVICE DEVNAME PARTNAME UEVENT
+  for BLOCK in "$@"; do
+    DEVICE=`find /dev/block \( -type b -o -type c -o -type l \) -iname $BLOCK | head -n 1` 2>/dev/null
+    if [ ! -z $DEVICE ]; then
+      readlink -f $DEVICE
+      return 0
+    fi
+  done
+  # Fallback by parsing sysfs uevents
+  for UEVENT in /sys/dev/block/*/uevent; do
+    DEVNAME=`grep_prop DEVNAME $UEVENT`
+    PARTNAME=`grep_prop PARTNAME $UEVENT`
+    for BLOCK in "$@"; do
+      if [ "$(toupper $BLOCK)" = "$(toupper $PARTNAME)" ]; then
+        echo /dev/block/$DEVNAME
+        return 0
+      fi
+    done
+  done
+  # Look just in /dev in case we're dealing with MTD/NAND without /dev/block devices/links
+  for DEV in "$@"; do
+    DEVICE=`find /dev \( -type b -o -type c -o -type l \) -maxdepth 1 -iname $DEV | head -n 1` 2>/dev/null
+    if [ ! -z $DEVICE ]; then
+      readlink -f $DEVICE
+      return 0
+    fi
+  done
+  return 1
+}
+
+# setup_mntpoint <mountpoint>
+setup_mntpoint() {
+  local POINT=$1
+  [ -L $POINT ] && mv -f $POINT ${POINT}_link
+  if [ ! -d $POINT ]; then
+    rm -f $POINT
+    mkdir -p $POINT
+  fi
+}
+
+# mount_name <partname(s)> <mountpoint> <flag>
+mount_name() {
+  local PART=$1
+  local POINT=$2
+  local FLAG=$3
+  setup_mntpoint $POINT
+  is_mounted $POINT && return
+  # First try mounting with fstab
+  mount $FLAG $POINT 2>/dev/null
+  if ! is_mounted $POINT; then
+    local BLOCK=$(find_block $PART)
+    mount $FLAG $BLOCK $POINT || return
+  fi
+  ui_print "- Mounting $POINT"
+}
+
+# mount_ro_ensure <partname(s)> <mountpoint>
+mount_ro_ensure() {
+  # We handle ro partitions only in recovery
+  $BOOTMODE && return
+  local PART=$1
+  local POINT=$2
+  mount_name "$PART" $POINT '-o ro'
+  is_mounted $POINT || abort "! Cannot mount $POINT"
+}
+
+mount_partitions() {
+  # Check A/B slot
+  SLOT=`grep_cmdline androidboot.slot_suffix`
+  if [ -z $SLOT ]; then
+    SLOT=`grep_cmdline androidboot.slot`
+    [ -z $SLOT ] || SLOT=_${SLOT}
+  fi
+  [ -z $SLOT ] || ui_print "- Current boot slot: $SLOT"
+
+  # Mount ro partitions
+  if is_mounted /system_root; then
+    umount /system 2&>/dev/null
+    umount /system_root 2&>/dev/null
+  fi
+  mount_ro_ensure "system$SLOT app$SLOT" /system
+  if [ -f /system/init -o -L /system/init ]; then
+    SYSTEM_ROOT=true
+    setup_mntpoint /system_root
+    if ! mount --move /system /system_root; then
+      umount /system
+      umount -l /system 2>/dev/null
+      mount_ro_ensure "system$SLOT app$SLOT" /system_root
+    fi
+    mount -o bind /system_root/system /system
+  else
+    SYSTEM_ROOT=false
+    grep ' / ' /proc/mounts | grep -qv 'rootfs' || grep -q ' /system_root ' /proc/mounts && SYSTEM_ROOT=true
+  fi
+  # /vendor is used only on some older devices for recovery AVBv1 signing so is not critical if fails
+  [ -L /system/vendor ] && mount_name vendor$SLOT /vendor '-o ro'
+  $SYSTEM_ROOT && ui_print "- Device is system-as-root"
+
+  # Mount sepolicy rules dir locations in recovery (best effort)
+  if ! $BOOTMODE; then
+    mount_name "cache cac" /cache
+    mount_name metadata /metadata
+    mount_name persist /persist
+  fi
+}
+
+api_level_arch_detect() {
+  API=$(grep_get_prop ro.build.version.sdk)
+  ABI=$(grep_get_prop ro.product.cpu.abi)
+  if [ "$ABI" = "x86" ]; then
+    ARCH=x86
+    ABI32=x86
+    IS64BIT=false
+  elif [ "$ABI" = "arm64-v8a" ]; then
+    ARCH=arm64
+    ABI32=armeabi-v7a
+    IS64BIT=true
+  elif [ "$ABI" = "x86_64" ]; then
+    ARCH=x64
+    ABI32=x86
+    IS64BIT=true
+  else
+    ARCH=arm
+    ABI=armeabi-v7a
+    ABI32=armeabi-v7a
+    IS64BIT=false
+  fi
+}
+
+#################
+# Module Related
+#################
+
+check_managed_features() {
+  local PROP_FILE=$1
+  local MANAGED_FEATURES=$(grep_prop managedFeatures "$PROP_FILE")
+
+  [ -z "$MANAGED_FEATURES" ] && return 0
+
+  ui_print "- Checking managed features: $MANAGED_FEATURES"
+
+  # Split features by comma
+  echo "$MANAGED_FEATURES" | tr ',' '\n' | while read -r feature; do
+    # Trim whitespace
+    feature=$(echo "$feature" | xargs)
+    [ -z "$feature" ] && continue
+
+    # Check feature status using ksud
+    local status=$(/data/adb/ksud feature check "$feature" 2>/dev/null)
+
+    case "$status" in
+      "unsupported")
+        ui_print "! WARNING: Feature '$feature' is NOT SUPPORTED by kernel"
+        ui_print "!          This module may not work correctly!"
+        ;;
+      "managed")
+        ui_print "! WARNING: Feature '$feature' is already MANAGED by another module"
+        ui_print "!          Feature conflicts may occur!"
+        ;;
+      "supported")
+        ui_print "- Feature '$feature' is supported and available"
+        ;;
+      *)
+        ui_print "! WARNING: Unable to check feature '$feature' status"
+        ;;
+    esac
+  done
+}
+
+set_perm() {
+  chown $2:$3 $1 || return 1
+  chmod $4 $1 || return 1
+  local CON=$5
+  [ -z $CON ] && CON=u:object_r:system_file:s0
+  chcon $CON $1 || return 1
+}
+
+set_perm_recursive() {
+  find $1 -type d 2>/dev/null | while read dir; do
+    set_perm $dir $2 $3 $4 $6
+  done
+  find $1 -type f -o -type l 2>/dev/null | while read file; do
+    set_perm $file $2 $3 $5 $6
+  done
+}
+
+mktouch() {
+  mkdir -p ${1%/*} 2>/dev/null
+  [ -z $2 ] && touch $1 || echo $2 > $1
+  chmod 644 $1
+}
+
+mark_remove() {
+  mkdir -p ${1%/*} 2>/dev/null
+  mknod $1 c 0 0
+  chmod 644 $1
+}
+
+request_size_check() {
+  reqSizeM=`du -ms "$1" | cut -f1`
+}
+
+request_zip_size_check() {
+  reqSizeM=`unzip -l "$1" | tail -n 1 | awk '{ print int(($1 - 1) / 1048576 + 1) }'`
+}
+
+boot_actions() { return; }
+
+# Require ZIPFILE to be set
+is_legacy_script() {
+  unzip -l "$ZIPFILE" install.sh | grep -q install.sh
+  return $?
+}
+
+handle_partition() {
+    # if /system/vendor is a symlink, we need to move it out of $MODPATH/system
+    # if /system/vendor is a normal directory, no special handling is needed.
+    if [ ! -e $MODPATH/system/$1 ]; then
+        # no partition found
+        return;
+    fi
+
+    # we move the folder to / only if it is a native folder that is not a symlink
+    if [ -d "/$1" ] && [ ! -L "/$1" ]; then
+        ui_print "- Handle partition /$1"
+        # we create a symlink if module want to access $MODPATH/system/$1
+        # but it doesn't always work(ie. write it in post-fs-data.sh would fail because it is readonly)
+        mv -f $MODPATH/system/$1 $MODPATH/$1 && ln -sf ../$1 $MODPATH/system/$1
+    fi
+}
+
+# Require OUTFD, ZIPFILE to be set
+install_module() {
+  rm -rf $TMPDIR
+  mkdir -p $TMPDIR
+  chcon u:object_r:system_file:s0 $TMPDIR
+  cd $TMPDIR
+
+  mount_partitions
+  api_level_arch_detect
+
+  # Setup busybox and binaries
+  if $BOOTMODE; then
+    boot_actions
+  else
+    recovery_actions
+  fi
+
+  # Extract prop file
+  unzip -o "$ZIPFILE" module.prop -d $TMPDIR >&2
+  [ ! -f $TMPDIR/module.prop ] && abort "! Unable to extract zip file!"
+
+  local MODDIRNAME=modules
+  $BOOTMODE && MODDIRNAME=modules_update
+  local MODULEROOT=$NVBASE/$MODDIRNAME
+  MODID=`grep_prop id $TMPDIR/module.prop`
+  MODNAME=`grep_prop name $TMPDIR/module.prop`
+  MODAUTH=`grep_prop author $TMPDIR/module.prop`
+  MODPATH=$MODULEROOT/$MODID
+
+  # Check managed features
+  check_managed_features $TMPDIR/module.prop
+
+  # Create mod paths
+  rm -rf $MODPATH
+  mkdir -p $MODPATH
+
+  if is_legacy_script; then
+    unzip -oj "$ZIPFILE" module.prop install.sh uninstall.sh 'common/*' -d $TMPDIR >&2
+
+    # Load install script
+    . $TMPDIR/install.sh
+
+    # Callbacks
+    print_modname
+    on_install
+
+    [ -f $TMPDIR/uninstall.sh ] && cp -af $TMPDIR/uninstall.sh $MODPATH/uninstall.sh
+    $SKIPMOUNT && touch $MODPATH/skip_mount
+    $PROPFILE && cp -af $TMPDIR/system.prop $MODPATH/system.prop
+    cp -af $TMPDIR/module.prop $MODPATH/module.prop
+    $POSTFSDATA && cp -af $TMPDIR/post-fs-data.sh $MODPATH/post-fs-data.sh
+    $LATESTARTSERVICE && cp -af $TMPDIR/service.sh $MODPATH/service.sh
+
+    ui_print "- Setting permissions"
+    set_permissions
+  else
+    print_title "$MODNAME" "by $MODAUTH"
+    print_title "Powered by KernelSU"
+
+    unzip -o "$ZIPFILE" customize.sh -d $MODPATH >&2
+
+    if ! grep -q '^SKIPUNZIP=1$' $MODPATH/customize.sh 2>/dev/null; then
+      ui_print "- Extracting module files"
+      unzip -o "$ZIPFILE" -x 'META-INF/*' -d $MODPATH >&2
+
+      # Default permissions
+      set_perm_recursive $MODPATH 0 0 0755 0644
+      set_perm_recursive $MODPATH/system/bin 0 2000 0755 0755
+      set_perm_recursive $MODPATH/system/xbin 0 2000 0755 0755
+      set_perm_recursive $MODPATH/system/system_ext/bin 0 2000 0755 0755
+      set_perm_recursive $MODPATH/system/vendor 0 2000 0755 0755 u:object_r:vendor_file:s0
+    fi
+
+    # Load customization script
+    [ -f $MODPATH/customize.sh ] && . $MODPATH/customize.sh
+  fi
+
+  # Handle replace folders
+  for TARGET in $REPLACE; do
+    ui_print "- Replace target: $TARGET"
+    mark_replace $MODPATH$TARGET
+  done
+
+  # Handle remove files
+  for TARGET in $REMOVE; do
+    ui_print "- Remove target: $TARGET"
+    mark_remove $MODPATH$TARGET
+  done
+
+  handle_partition vendor
+  handle_partition system_ext
+  handle_partition product
+  handle_partition odm
+
+  if $BOOTMODE; then
+    mktouch $NVBASE/modules/$MODID/update
+    rm -rf $NVBASE/modules/$MODID/remove 2>/dev/null
+    rm -rf $NVBASE/modules/$MODID/disable 2>/dev/null
+    cp -af $MODPATH/module.prop $NVBASE/modules/$MODID/module.prop
+  fi
+
+  # Remove stuff that doesn't belong to modules and clean up any empty directories
+  rm -rf \
+  $MODPATH/system/placeholder $MODPATH/customize.sh \
+  $MODPATH/README.md $MODPATH/.git*
+  rmdir -p $MODPATH 2>/dev/null
+
+  cd /
+  $BOOTMODE || recovery_cleanup
+  rm -rf $TMPDIR
+
+  ui_print "- Done"
+}
+
+##########
+# Presets
+##########
+
+# Detect whether in boot mode
+[ -z $BOOTMODE ] && ps | grep zygote | grep -qv grep && BOOTMODE=true
+[ -z $BOOTMODE ] && ps -A 2>/dev/null | grep zygote | grep -qv grep && BOOTMODE=true
+[ -z $BOOTMODE ] && BOOTMODE=false
+
+NVBASE=/data/adb
+TMPDIR=/dev/tmp
+POSTFSDATAD=$NVBASE/post-fs-data.d
+SERVICED=$NVBASE/service.d
+
+# Some modules dependents on this
+export MAGISK_VER=25.2
+export MAGISK_VER_CODE=25200

userspace/ksud/src/kpm.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+use std::{
+    ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr},
+    fs,
+    os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt,
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+};
+
+use anyhow::{Result, bail};
+use notify::{RecursiveMode, Watcher};
+
+use crate::ksucalls::ksuctl;
+
+pub const KPM_DIR: &str = "/data/adb/kpm";
+
+const KPM_LOAD: u64 = 1;
+const KPM_UNLOAD: u64 = 2;
+const KPM_NUM: u64 = 3;
+const KPM_LIST: u64 = 4;
+const KPM_INFO: u64 = 5;
+const KPM_CONTROL: u64 = 6;
+const KPM_VERSION: u64 = 7;
+
+const KSU_IOCTL_KPM: u32 = 0xc0004bc8; // _IOC(_IOC_READ|_IOC_WRITE, 'K', 200, 0)
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]
+struct KsuKpmCmd {
+    pub control_code: u64,
+    pub arg1: u64,
+    pub arg2: u64,
+    pub result_code: u64,
+}
+
+fn kpm_ioctl(cmd: &mut KsuKpmCmd) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    ksuctl(KSU_IOCTL_KPM, cmd as *mut _)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Convert raw kernel return code to `Result`.
+fn check_ret(rc: i32) -> Result<i32> {
+    if rc < 0 {
+        bail!("KPM error: {}", std::io::Error::from_raw_os_error(-rc));
+    }
+    Ok(rc)
+}
+
+/// Load a `.kpm` into kernel space.
+pub fn kpm_load<P>(path: P, args: Option<&str>) -> Result<()>
+where
+    P: AsRef<Path>,
+{
+    let path_c = CString::new(path.as_ref().to_string_lossy().to_string())?;
+    let args_c = args.map(CString::new).transpose()?;
+
+    let mut result: i32 = -1;
+    let mut cmd = KsuKpmCmd {
+        control_code: KPM_LOAD,
+        arg1: path_c.as_ptr() as u64,
+        arg2: args_c.as_ref().map_or(0, |s| s.as_ptr() as u64),
+        result_code: &mut result as *mut i32 as u64,
+    };
+
+    kpm_ioctl(&mut cmd)?;
+    check_ret(result)?;
+    println!("Success");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Unload by module name.
+pub fn kpm_unload(name: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    let name_c = CString::new(name)?;
+
+    let mut result: i32 = -1;
+    let mut cmd = KsuKpmCmd {
+        control_code: KPM_UNLOAD,
+        arg1: name_c.as_ptr() as u64,
+        arg2: 0,
+        result_code: &mut result as *mut i32 as u64,
+    };
+
+    kpm_ioctl(&mut cmd)?;
+    check_ret(result)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Return loaded module count.
+pub fn kpm_num() -> Result<i32> {
+    let mut result: i32 = -1;
+    let mut cmd = KsuKpmCmd {
+        control_code: KPM_NUM,
+        arg1: 0,
+        arg2: 0,
+        result_code: &mut result as *mut i32 as u64,
+    };
+
+    kpm_ioctl(&mut cmd)?;
+    let n = check_ret(result)?;
+    println!("{n}");
+    Ok(n)
+}
+
+/// Print name list of loaded modules.
+pub fn kpm_list() -> Result<()> {
+    let mut buf = vec![0u8; 1024];
+
+    let mut result: i32 = -1;
+    let mut cmd = KsuKpmCmd {
+        control_code: KPM_LIST,
+        arg1: buf.as_mut_ptr() as u64,
+        arg2: buf.len() as u64,
+        result_code: &mut result as *mut i32 as u64,
+    };
+
+    kpm_ioctl(&mut cmd)?;
+    check_ret(result)?;
+    print!("{}", buf2str(&buf));
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Print single module info.
+pub fn kpm_info(name: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    let name_c = CString::new(name)?;
+    let mut buf = vec![0u8; 256];
+
+    let mut result: i32 = -1;
+    let mut cmd = KsuKpmCmd {
+        control_code: KPM_INFO,
+        arg1: name_c.as_ptr() as u64,
+        arg2: buf.as_mut_ptr() as u64,
+        result_code: &mut result as *mut i32 as u64,
+    };
+
+    kpm_ioctl(&mut cmd)?;
+    check_ret(result)?;
+    println!("{}", buf2str(&buf));
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Send control string to a module; returns kernel answer.
+pub fn kpm_control(name: &str, args: &str) -> Result<i32> {
+    let name_c = CString::new(name)?;
+    let args_c = CString::new(args)?;
+
+    let mut result: i32 = -1;
+    let mut cmd = KsuKpmCmd {
+        control_code: KPM_CONTROL,
+        arg1: name_c.as_ptr() as u64,
+        arg2: args_c.as_ptr() as u64,
+        result_code: &mut result as *mut i32 as u64,
+    };
+
+    kpm_ioctl(&mut cmd)?;
+    check_ret(result)
+}
+
+/// Print loader version string.
+pub fn kpm_version_loader() -> Result<()> {
+    let mut buf = vec![0u8; 1024];
+
+    let mut result: i32 = -1;
+    let mut cmd = KsuKpmCmd {
+        control_code: KPM_VERSION,
+        arg1: buf.as_mut_ptr() as u64,
+        arg2: buf.len() as u64,
+        result_code: &mut result as *mut i32 as u64,
+    };
+
+    kpm_ioctl(&mut cmd)?;
+    check_ret(result)?;
+    print!("{}", buf2str(&buf));
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Validate loader version; empty or "Error*" => fail.
+pub fn check_kpm_version() -> Result<String> {
+    let mut buf = vec![0u8; 1024];
+
+    let mut result: i32 = -1;
+    let mut cmd = KsuKpmCmd {
+        control_code: KPM_VERSION,
+        arg1: buf.as_mut_ptr() as u64,
+        arg2: buf.len() as u64,
+        result_code: &mut result as *mut i32 as u64,
+    };
+
+    kpm_ioctl(&mut cmd)?;
+    check_ret(result)?;
+    let ver = buf2str(&buf);
+    if ver.is_empty() {
+        bail!("KPM: invalid version response: {ver}");
+    }
+    log::info!("KPM: version check ok: {ver}");
+    Ok(ver)
+}
+
+/// Create `/data/adb/kpm` with 0o777 if missing.
+pub fn ensure_kpm_dir() -> Result<()> {
+    let _ = fs::create_dir_all(KPM_DIR);
+    let meta = fs::metadata(KPM_DIR)?;
+
+    if meta.permissions().mode() != 0o777 {
+        fs::set_permissions(KPM_DIR, fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o777))?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Start file watcher for hot-(un)load.
+pub fn start_kpm_watcher() -> Result<()> {
+    check_kpm_version()?; // bails if loader too old
+    ensure_kpm_dir()?;
+
+    if crate::utils::is_safe_mode() {
+        log::warn!("KPM: safe-mode – removing all modules");
+        remove_all_kpms()?;
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    let mut watcher = notify::recommended_watcher(|res: Result<_, _>| match res {
+        Ok(evt) => handle_kpm_event(evt),
+        Err(e) => log::error!("KPM: watcher error: {e}"),
+    })?;
+    watcher.watch(Path::new(KPM_DIR), RecursiveMode::NonRecursive)?;
+    log::info!("KPM: watcher active on {KPM_DIR}");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn handle_kpm_event(evt: notify::Event) {
+    if let notify::EventKind::Create(_) = evt.kind {
+        for p in evt.paths {
+            if let Some(ex) = p.extension()
+                && ex == OsStr::new("kpm")
+                && kpm_load(&p, None).is_err()
+            {
+                log::warn!("KPM: failed to load {}", p.display());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Locate `/data/adb/kpm/<name>.kpm`.
+fn find_kpm_file(name: &str) -> Result<Option<PathBuf>> {
+    let dir = Path::new(KPM_DIR);
+
+    if !dir.is_dir() {
+        return Ok(None);
+    }
+
+    for entry in fs::read_dir(dir)? {
+        let p = entry?.path();
+        if let Some(ex) = p.extension()
+            && ex == OsStr::new("kpm")
+            && let Some(fs) = p.file_stem()
+            && fs == OsStr::new(name)
+        {
+            return Ok(Some(p));
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(None)
+}
+
+/// Remove every `.kpm` file and unload it.
+pub fn remove_all_kpms() -> Result<()> {
+    let dir = Path::new(KPM_DIR);
+    if !dir.is_dir() {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    for entry in fs::read_dir(dir)? {
+        let p = entry?.path();
+        if let Some(ex) = p.extension()
+            && ex == OsStr::new("kpm")
+            && let Some(name) = p.file_stem().and_then(|s| s.to_str())
+            && let Err(e) = (|| -> Result<()> {
+                kpm_unload(name)?;
+
+                if let Some(p) = find_kpm_file(name)? {
+                    if let Err(e) = fs::remove_file(&p) {
+                        log::warn!("KPM: delete {} failed: {e}", p.display());
+                        return Err(e.into());
+                    }
+                    log::info!("KPM: deleted {}", p.display());
+                }
+
+                Ok(())
+            })()
+        {
+            log::error!("KPM: unload {name} failed: {e}");
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Bulk-load existing `.kpm`s at boot.
+pub fn load_kpm_modules() -> Result<()> {
+    check_kpm_version()?;
+    ensure_kpm_dir()?;
+
+    let dir = Path::new(KPM_DIR);
+    if !dir.is_dir() {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    let (mut ok, mut ng) = (0, 0);
+
+    for entry in fs::read_dir(dir)? {
+        let p = entry?.path();
+        if let Some(ex) = p.extension()
+            && ex == OsStr::new("kpm")
+        {
+            match kpm_load(&p, None) {
+                Ok(_) => ok += 1,
+                Err(e) => {
+                    log::warn!("KPM: load {} failed: {e}", p.display());
+                    ng += 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    log::info!("KPM: bulk-load done – ok: {ok}, failed: {ng}");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Convert zero-padded kernel buffer to owned String.
+fn buf2str(buf: &[u8]) -> String {
+    // SAFETY: buffer is always NUL-terminated by kernel.
+    unsafe {
+        CStr::from_ptr(buf.as_ptr().cast())
+            .to_string_lossy()
+            .into_owned()
+    }
+}

userspace/ksud/src/ksucalls.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+use std::fs;
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+use std::os::fd::RawFd;
+use std::sync::OnceLock;
+
+// Event constants
+const EVENT_POST_FS_DATA: u32 = 1;
+const EVENT_BOOT_COMPLETED: u32 = 2;
+const EVENT_MODULE_MOUNTED: u32 = 3;
+
+const KSU_IOCTL_GRANT_ROOT: u32 = 0x00004b01; // _IOC(_IOC_NONE, 'K', 1, 0)
+const KSU_IOCTL_GET_INFO: u32 = 0x80004b02; // _IOC(_IOC_READ, 'K', 2, 0)
+const KSU_IOCTL_REPORT_EVENT: u32 = 0x40004b03; // _IOC(_IOC_WRITE, 'K', 3, 0)
+const KSU_IOCTL_SET_SEPOLICY: u32 = 0xc0004b04; // _IOC(_IOC_READ|_IOC_WRITE, 'K', 4, 0)
+const KSU_IOCTL_CHECK_SAFEMODE: u32 = 0x80004b05; // _IOC(_IOC_READ, 'K', 5, 0)
+const KSU_IOCTL_GET_FEATURE: u32 = 0xc0004b0d; // _IOC(_IOC_READ|_IOC_WRITE, 'K', 13, 0)
+const KSU_IOCTL_SET_FEATURE: u32 = 0x40004b0e; // _IOC(_IOC_WRITE, 'K', 14, 0)
+const KSU_IOCTL_GET_WRAPPER_FD: u32 = 0x40004b0f; // _IOC(_IOC_WRITE, 'K', 15, 0)
+const KSU_IOCTL_MANAGE_MARK: u32 = 0xc0004b10; // _IOC(_IOC_READ|_IOC_WRITE, 'K', 16, 0)
+const KSU_IOCTL_NUKE_EXT4_SYSFS: u32 = 0x40004b11; // _IOC(_IOC_WRITE, 'K', 17, 0)
+const KSU_IOCTL_ADD_TRY_UMOUNT: u32 = 0x40004b12; // _IOC(_IOC_WRITE, 'K', 18, 0)
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]
+struct GetInfoCmd {
+    version: u32,
+    flags: u32,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+struct ReportEventCmd {
+    event: u32,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]
+pub struct SetSepolicyCmd {
+    pub cmd: u64,
+    pub arg: u64,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]
+struct CheckSafemodeCmd {
+    in_safe_mode: u8,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]
+struct GetFeatureCmd {
+    feature_id: u32,
+    value: u64,
+    supported: u8,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]
+struct SetFeatureCmd {
+    feature_id: u32,
+    value: u64,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]
+struct GetWrapperFdCmd {
+    fd: i32,
+    flags: u32,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]
+struct ManageMarkCmd {
+    operation: u32,
+    pid: i32,
+    result: u32,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]
+pub struct NukeExt4SysfsCmd {
+    pub arg: u64,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]
+struct AddTryUmountCmd {
+    arg: u64,   // char ptr, this is the mountpoint
+    flags: u32, // this is the flag we use for it
+    mode: u8,   // denotes what to do with it 0:wipe_list 1:add_to_list 2:delete_entry
+}
+
+// Mark operation constants
+const KSU_MARK_GET: u32 = 1;
+const KSU_MARK_MARK: u32 = 2;
+const KSU_MARK_UNMARK: u32 = 3;
+const KSU_MARK_REFRESH: u32 = 4;
+
+// Umount operation constants
+const KSU_UMOUNT_WIPE: u8 = 0;
+const KSU_UMOUNT_ADD: u8 = 1;
+const KSU_UMOUNT_DEL: u8 = 2;
+
+// Global driver fd cache
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+static DRIVER_FD: OnceLock<RawFd> = OnceLock::new();
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+static INFO_CACHE: OnceLock<GetInfoCmd> = OnceLock::new();
+
+const KSU_INSTALL_MAGIC1: u32 = 0xDEADBEEF;
+const KSU_INSTALL_MAGIC2: u32 = 0xCAFEBABE;
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+fn scan_driver_fd() -> Option<RawFd> {
+    let fd_dir = fs::read_dir("/proc/self/fd").ok()?;
+
+    for entry in fd_dir.flatten() {
+        if let Ok(fd_num) = entry.file_name().to_string_lossy().parse::<i32>() {
+            let link_path = format!("/proc/self/fd/{}", fd_num);
+            if let Ok(target) = fs::read_link(&link_path) {
+                let target_str = target.to_string_lossy();
+                if target_str.contains("[ksu_driver]") {
+                    return Some(fd_num);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    None
+}
+
+// Get cached driver fd
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+fn init_driver_fd() -> Option<RawFd> {
+    let fd = scan_driver_fd();
+    if fd.is_none() {
+        let mut fd = -1;
+        unsafe {
+            libc::syscall(
+                libc::SYS_reboot,
+                KSU_INSTALL_MAGIC1,
+                KSU_INSTALL_MAGIC2,
+                0,
+                &mut fd,
+            );
+        };
+        if fd >= 0 { Some(fd) } else { None }
+    } else {
+        fd
+    }
+}
+
+// ioctl wrapper using libc
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+pub fn ksuctl<T>(request: u32, arg: *mut T) -> std::io::Result<i32> {
+    use std::io;
+
+    let fd = *DRIVER_FD.get_or_init(|| init_driver_fd().unwrap_or(-1));
+    unsafe {
+        #[cfg(not(target_env = "gnu"))]
+        let ret = libc::ioctl(fd as libc::c_int, request as i32, arg);
+        #[cfg(target_env = "gnu")]
+        let ret = libc::ioctl(fd as libc::c_int, request as u64, arg);
+        if ret < 0 {
+            Err(io::Error::last_os_error())
+        } else {
+            Ok(ret)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android")))]
+fn ksuctl<T>(_request: u32, _arg: *mut T) -> std::io::Result<i32> {
+    Err(std::io::Error::from_raw_os_error(libc::ENOSYS))
+}
+
+// API implementations
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+fn get_info() -> GetInfoCmd {
+    *INFO_CACHE.get_or_init(|| {
+        let mut cmd = GetInfoCmd {
+            version: 0,
+            flags: 0,
+        };
+        let _ = ksuctl(KSU_IOCTL_GET_INFO, &mut cmd as *mut _);
+        cmd
+    })
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+pub fn get_version() -> i32 {
+    get_info().version as i32
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android")))]
+pub fn get_version() -> i32 {
+    0
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+pub fn grant_root() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    ksuctl(KSU_IOCTL_GRANT_ROOT, std::ptr::null_mut::<u8>())?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android")))]
+pub fn grant_root() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    Err(std::io::Error::from_raw_os_error(libc::ENOSYS))
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+fn report_event(event: u32) {
+    let mut cmd = ReportEventCmd { event };
+    let _ = ksuctl(KSU_IOCTL_REPORT_EVENT, &mut cmd as *mut _);
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android")))]
+fn report_event(_event: u32) {}
+
+pub fn report_post_fs_data() {
+    report_event(EVENT_POST_FS_DATA);
+}
+
+pub fn report_boot_complete() {
+    report_event(EVENT_BOOT_COMPLETED);
+}
+
+pub fn report_module_mounted() {
+    report_event(EVENT_MODULE_MOUNTED);
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+pub fn check_kernel_safemode() -> bool {
+    let mut cmd = CheckSafemodeCmd { in_safe_mode: 0 };
+    let _ = ksuctl(KSU_IOCTL_CHECK_SAFEMODE, &mut cmd as *mut _);
+    cmd.in_safe_mode != 0
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android")))]
+pub fn check_kernel_safemode() -> bool {
+    false
+}
+
+pub fn set_sepolicy(cmd: &SetSepolicyCmd) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    let mut ioctl_cmd = *cmd;
+    ksuctl(KSU_IOCTL_SET_SEPOLICY, &mut ioctl_cmd as *mut _)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Get feature value and support status from kernel
+/// Returns (value, supported)
+pub fn get_feature(feature_id: u32) -> std::io::Result<(u64, bool)> {
+    let mut cmd = GetFeatureCmd {
+        feature_id,
+        value: 0,
+        supported: 0,
+    };
+    ksuctl(KSU_IOCTL_GET_FEATURE, &mut cmd as *mut _)?;
+    Ok((cmd.value, cmd.supported != 0))
+}
+
+/// Set feature value in kernel
+pub fn set_feature(feature_id: u32, value: u64) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    let mut cmd = SetFeatureCmd { feature_id, value };
+    ksuctl(KSU_IOCTL_SET_FEATURE, &mut cmd as *mut _)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+pub fn get_wrapped_fd(fd: RawFd) -> std::io::Result<RawFd> {
+    let mut cmd = GetWrapperFdCmd { fd, flags: 0 };
+    let result = ksuctl(KSU_IOCTL_GET_WRAPPER_FD, &mut cmd as *mut _)?;
+    Ok(result)
+}
+
+/// Get mark status for a process (pid=0 returns total marked count)
+pub fn mark_get(pid: i32) -> std::io::Result<u32> {
+    let mut cmd = ManageMarkCmd {
+        operation: KSU_MARK_GET,
+        pid,
+        result: 0,
+    };
+    ksuctl(KSU_IOCTL_MANAGE_MARK, &mut cmd as *mut _)?;
+    Ok(cmd.result)
+}
+
+/// Mark a process (pid=0 marks all processes)
+pub fn mark_set(pid: i32) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    let mut cmd = ManageMarkCmd {
+        operation: KSU_MARK_MARK,
+        pid,
+        result: 0,
+    };
+    ksuctl(KSU_IOCTL_MANAGE_MARK, &mut cmd as *mut _)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Unmark a process (pid=0 unmarks all processes)
+pub fn mark_unset(pid: i32) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    let mut cmd = ManageMarkCmd {
+        operation: KSU_MARK_UNMARK,
+        pid,
+        result: 0,
+    };
+    ksuctl(KSU_IOCTL_MANAGE_MARK, &mut cmd as *mut _)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Refresh mark for all running processes
+pub fn mark_refresh() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    let mut cmd = ManageMarkCmd {
+        operation: KSU_MARK_REFRESH,
+        pid: 0,
+        result: 0,
+    };
+    ksuctl(KSU_IOCTL_MANAGE_MARK, &mut cmd as *mut _)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn nuke_ext4_sysfs(mnt: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let c_mnt = std::ffi::CString::new(mnt)?;
+    let mut ioctl_cmd = NukeExt4SysfsCmd {
+        arg: c_mnt.as_ptr() as u64,
+    };
+    ksuctl(KSU_IOCTL_NUKE_EXT4_SYSFS, &mut ioctl_cmd as *mut _)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Wipe all entries from umount list
+pub fn umount_list_wipe() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    let mut cmd = AddTryUmountCmd {
+        arg: 0,
+        flags: 0,
+        mode: KSU_UMOUNT_WIPE,
+    };
+    ksuctl(KSU_IOCTL_ADD_TRY_UMOUNT, &mut cmd as *mut _)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Add mount point to umount list
+pub fn umount_list_add(path: &str, flags: u32) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let c_path = std::ffi::CString::new(path)?;
+    let mut cmd = AddTryUmountCmd {
+        arg: c_path.as_ptr() as u64,
+        flags,
+        mode: KSU_UMOUNT_ADD,
+    };
+    ksuctl(KSU_IOCTL_ADD_TRY_UMOUNT, &mut cmd as *mut _)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Delete mount point from umount list
+pub fn umount_list_del(path: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let c_path = std::ffi::CString::new(path)?;
+    let mut cmd = AddTryUmountCmd {
+        arg: c_path.as_ptr() as u64,
+        flags: 0,
+        mode: KSU_UMOUNT_DEL,
+    };
+    ksuctl(KSU_IOCTL_ADD_TRY_UMOUNT, &mut cmd as *mut _)?;
+    Ok(())
+}

userspace/ksud/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+mod apk_sign;
+mod assets;
+mod boot_patch;
+mod cli;
+mod debug;
+mod defs;
+mod feature;
+mod init_event;
+#[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")]
+mod kpm;
+mod ksucalls;
+mod metamodule;
+mod module;
+mod module_config;
+mod profile;
+mod restorecon;
+mod sepolicy;
+mod su;
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+mod uid_scanner;
+mod umount_manager;
+mod utils;
+
+fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    cli::run()
+}

userspace/ksud/src/metamodule.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+//! Metamodule management
+//!
+//! This module handles all metamodule-related functionality.
+//! Metamodules are special modules that manage how regular modules are mounted
+//! and provide hooks for module installation/uninstallation.
+
+use anyhow::{Context, Result, ensure};
+use log::{info, warn};
+use std::{
+    collections::HashMap,
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+    process::Command,
+};
+
+use crate::module::ModuleType::All;
+use crate::{assets, defs};
+
+/// Determine whether the provided module properties mark it as a metamodule
+pub fn is_metamodule(props: &HashMap<String, String>) -> bool {
+    props
+        .get("metamodule")
+        .map(|s| {
+            let trimmed = s.trim();
+            trimmed == "1" || trimmed.eq_ignore_ascii_case("true")
+        })
+        .unwrap_or(false)
+}
+
+/// Get metamodule path if it exists
+/// The metamodule is stored in /data/adb/modules/{id} with a symlink at /data/adb/metamodule
+pub fn get_metamodule_path() -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    let path = Path::new(defs::METAMODULE_DIR);
+
+    // Check if symlink exists and resolve it
+    if path.is_symlink()
+        && let Ok(target) = std::fs::read_link(path)
+    {
+        // If target is relative, resolve it
+        let resolved = if target.is_absolute() {
+            target
+        } else {
+            path.parent()?.join(target)
+        };
+
+        if resolved.exists() && resolved.is_dir() {
+            return Some(resolved);
+        } else {
+            warn!(
+                "Metamodule symlink points to non-existent path: {:?}",
+                resolved
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Fallback: search for metamodule=1 in modules directory
+    let mut result = None;
+    let _ = crate::module::foreach_module(All, |module_path| {
+        if let Ok(props) = crate::module::read_module_prop(module_path)
+            && is_metamodule(&props)
+        {
+            info!("Found metamodule in modules directory: {:?}", module_path);
+            result = Some(module_path.to_path_buf());
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    });
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Check if metamodule exists
+pub fn has_metamodule() -> bool {
+    get_metamodule_path().is_some()
+}
+
+/// Check if it's safe to install a regular module
+/// Returns Ok(()) if safe, Err(is_disabled) if blocked
+/// - Err(true) means metamodule is disabled
+/// - Err(false) means metamodule is in other unstable state
+pub fn check_install_safety() -> Result<(), bool> {
+    // No metamodule → safe
+    let Some(metamodule_path) = get_metamodule_path() else {
+        return Ok(());
+    };
+
+    // No metainstall.sh → safe (uses default installer)
+    // The staged update directory may contain the latest scripts, so check both locations
+    let has_metainstall = metamodule_path
+        .join(defs::METAMODULE_METAINSTALL_SCRIPT)
+        .exists()
+        || metamodule_path.file_name().is_some_and(|module_id| {
+            Path::new(defs::MODULE_UPDATE_DIR)
+                .join(module_id)
+                .join(defs::METAMODULE_METAINSTALL_SCRIPT)
+                .exists()
+        });
+    if !has_metainstall {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    // Check for marker files
+    let has_update = metamodule_path.join(defs::UPDATE_FILE_NAME).exists();
+    let has_remove = metamodule_path.join(defs::REMOVE_FILE_NAME).exists();
+    let has_disable = metamodule_path.join(defs::DISABLE_FILE_NAME).exists();
+
+    // Stable state (no markers) → safe
+    if !has_update && !has_remove && !has_disable {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    // Return true if disabled, false for other unstable states
+    Err(has_disable && !has_update && !has_remove)
+}
+
+/// Create or update the metamodule symlink
+/// Points /data/adb/metamodule -> /data/adb/modules/{module_id}
+pub(crate) fn ensure_symlink(module_path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+    // METAMODULE_DIR might have trailing slash, so we need to trim it
+    let symlink_path = Path::new(defs::METAMODULE_DIR.trim_end_matches('/'));
+
+    info!(
+        "Creating metamodule symlink: {:?} -> {:?}",
+        symlink_path, module_path
+    );
+
+    // Remove existing symlink if it exists
+    if symlink_path.exists() || symlink_path.is_symlink() {
+        info!("Removing old metamodule symlink/path");
+        if symlink_path.is_symlink() {
+            std::fs::remove_file(symlink_path).with_context(|| "Failed to remove old symlink")?;
+        } else {
+            // Could be a directory, remove it
+            std::fs::remove_dir_all(symlink_path)
+                .with_context(|| "Failed to remove old directory")?;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Create symlink
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    std::os::unix::fs::symlink(module_path, symlink_path)
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to create symlink to {:?}", module_path))?;
+
+    info!("Metamodule symlink created successfully");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Remove the metamodule symlink
+pub(crate) fn remove_symlink() -> Result<()> {
+    let symlink_path = Path::new(defs::METAMODULE_DIR.trim_end_matches('/'));
+
+    if symlink_path.is_symlink() {
+        std::fs::remove_file(symlink_path)
+            .with_context(|| "Failed to remove metamodule symlink")?;
+        info!("Metamodule symlink removed");
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Get the install script content, using metainstall.sh from metamodule if available
+/// Returns the script content to be executed
+pub(crate) fn get_install_script(
+    is_metamodule: bool,
+    installer_content: &str,
+    install_module_script: &str,
+) -> Result<String> {
+    // Check if there's a metamodule with metainstall.sh
+    // Only apply this logic for regular modules (not when installing metamodule itself)
+    let install_script = if !is_metamodule {
+        if let Some(metamodule_path) = get_metamodule_path() {
+            if metamodule_path.join(defs::DISABLE_FILE_NAME).exists() {
+                info!("Metamodule is disabled, using default installer");
+                install_module_script.to_string()
+            } else {
+                let metainstall_path = metamodule_path.join(defs::METAMODULE_METAINSTALL_SCRIPT);
+
+                if metainstall_path.exists() {
+                    info!("Using metainstall.sh from metamodule");
+                    let metamodule_content = std::fs::read_to_string(&metainstall_path)
+                        .with_context(|| "Failed to read metamodule metainstall.sh")?;
+                    format!("{}\n{}\nexit 0\n", installer_content, metamodule_content)
+                } else {
+                    info!("Metamodule exists but has no metainstall.sh, using default installer");
+                    install_module_script.to_string()
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            info!("No metamodule found, using default installer");
+            install_module_script.to_string()
+        }
+    } else {
+        info!("Installing metamodule, using default installer");
+        install_module_script.to_string()
+    };
+
+    Ok(install_script)
+}
+
+/// Check if metamodule script exists and is ready to execute
+/// Returns None if metamodule doesn't exist, is disabled, or script is missing
+/// Returns Some(script_path) if script is ready to execute
+fn check_metamodule_script(script_name: &str) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    // Check if metamodule exists
+    let metamodule_path = get_metamodule_path()?;
+
+    // Check if metamodule is disabled
+    if metamodule_path.join(defs::DISABLE_FILE_NAME).exists() {
+        info!("Metamodule is disabled, skipping {}", script_name);
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    // Check if script exists
+    let script_path = metamodule_path.join(script_name);
+    if !script_path.exists() {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    Some(script_path)
+}
+
+/// Execute metamodule's metauninstall.sh for a specific module
+pub(crate) fn exec_metauninstall_script(module_id: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    let Some(metauninstall_path) = check_metamodule_script(defs::METAMODULE_METAUNINSTALL_SCRIPT)
+    else {
+        return Ok(());
+    };
+
+    info!(
+        "Executing metamodule metauninstall.sh for module: {}",
+        module_id
+    );
+
+    let result = Command::new(assets::BUSYBOX_PATH)
+        .args(["sh", metauninstall_path.to_str().unwrap()])
+        .current_dir(metauninstall_path.parent().unwrap())
+        .envs(crate::module::get_common_script_envs())
+        .env("MODULE_ID", module_id)
+        .status()?;
+
+    ensure!(
+        result.success(),
+        "Metamodule metauninstall.sh failed for module {}: {:?}",
+        module_id,
+        result
+    );
+
+    info!(
+        "Metamodule metauninstall.sh executed successfully for {}",
+        module_id
+    );
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Execute metamodule mount script
+pub fn exec_mount_script(module_dir: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    let Some(mount_script) = check_metamodule_script(defs::METAMODULE_MOUNT_SCRIPT) else {
+        return Ok(());
+    };
+
+    info!("Executing mount script for metamodule");
+
+    let result = Command::new(assets::BUSYBOX_PATH)
+        .args(["sh", mount_script.to_str().unwrap()])
+        .envs(crate::module::get_common_script_envs())
+        .env("MODULE_DIR", module_dir)
+        .status()?;
+
+    ensure!(
+        result.success(),
+        "Metamodule mount script failed with status: {:?}",
+        result
+    );
+
+    info!("Metamodule mount script executed successfully");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Execute metamodule script for a specific stage
+pub fn exec_stage_script(stage: &str, block: bool) -> Result<()> {
+    let Some(script_path) = check_metamodule_script(&format!("{}.sh", stage)) else {
+        return Ok(());
+    };
+
+    info!("Executing metamodule {}.sh", stage);
+    crate::module::exec_script(&script_path, block)?;
+    info!("Metamodule {}.sh executed successfully", stage);
+    Ok(())
+}

userspace/ksud/src/module.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,855 @@
+#[allow(clippy::wildcard_imports)]
+use crate::utils::*;
+use crate::{
+    assets, defs, ksucalls, metamodule,
+    restorecon::{restore_syscon, setsyscon},
+    sepolicy,
+};
+
+use anyhow::{Context, Result, anyhow, bail, ensure};
+use const_format::concatcp;
+use is_executable::is_executable;
+use java_properties::PropertiesIter;
+use log::{debug, info, warn};
+
+use std::fs::{copy, rename};
+use std::{
+    collections::HashMap,
+    env::var as env_var,
+    fs::{File, Permissions, canonicalize, remove_dir_all, set_permissions},
+    io::Cursor,
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+    process::Command,
+    str::FromStr,
+};
+use zip_extensions::zip_extract_file_to_memory;
+
+use crate::defs::{MODULE_DIR, MODULE_UPDATE_DIR, UPDATE_FILE_NAME};
+use crate::module::ModuleType::{Active, All};
+#[cfg(unix)]
+use std::os::unix::{prelude::PermissionsExt, process::CommandExt};
+
+const INSTALLER_CONTENT: &str = include_str!("./installer.sh");
+const INSTALL_MODULE_SCRIPT: &str = concatcp!(
+    INSTALLER_CONTENT,
+    "\n",
+    "install_module",
+    "\n",
+    "exit 0",
+    "\n"
+);
+
+/// Validate module_id format and security
+/// Module ID must match: ^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9._-]+$
+/// - Must start with a letter (a-zA-Z)
+/// - Followed by one or more alphanumeric, dot, underscore, or hyphen characters
+/// - Minimum length: 2 characters
+pub fn validate_module_id(module_id: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    if module_id.is_empty() {
+        bail!("Module ID cannot be empty");
+    }
+
+    if module_id.len() < 2 {
+        bail!("Module ID too short: must be at least 2 characters");
+    }
+
+    if module_id.len() > 64 {
+        bail!(
+            "Module ID too long: {} characters (max: 64)",
+            module_id.len()
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Check first character: must be a letter
+    let first_char = module_id.chars().next().unwrap();
+    if !first_char.is_ascii_alphabetic() {
+        bail!(
+            "Module ID must start with a letter (a-zA-Z), got: '{}'",
+            first_char
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Check remaining characters: alphanumeric, dot, underscore, or hyphen
+    for (i, ch) in module_id.chars().enumerate() {
+        if i == 0 {
+            continue; // Already checked
+        }
+
+        if !ch.is_ascii_alphanumeric() && ch != '.' && ch != '_' && ch != '-' {
+            bail!(
+                "Module ID contains invalid character '{}' at position {}. Only letters, digits, '.', '_', and '-' are allowed",
+                ch,
+                i
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Additional security checks
+    if module_id.contains("..") {
+        bail!("Module ID cannot contain '..' sequence");
+    }
+
+    if module_id == "." || module_id == ".." {
+        bail!("Module ID cannot be '.' or '..'");
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Get common environment variables for script execution
+pub(crate) fn get_common_script_envs() -> Vec<(&'static str, String)> {
+    vec![
+        ("ASH_STANDALONE", "1".to_string()),
+        ("KSU", "true".to_string()),
+        ("KSU_KERNEL_VER_CODE", ksucalls::get_version().to_string()),
+        ("KSU_VER_CODE", defs::VERSION_CODE.to_string()),
+        ("KSU_VER", defs::VERSION_NAME.to_string()),
+        (
+            "PATH",
+            format!(
+                "{}:{}",
+                env_var("PATH").unwrap_or_default(),
+                defs::BINARY_DIR.trim_end_matches('/')
+            ),
+        ),
+    ]
+}
+
+fn exec_install_script(module_file: &str, is_metamodule: bool) -> Result<()> {
+    let realpath = std::fs::canonicalize(module_file)
+        .with_context(|| format!("realpath: {module_file} failed"))?;
+
+    // Get install script from metamodule module
+    let install_script =
+        metamodule::get_install_script(is_metamodule, INSTALLER_CONTENT, INSTALL_MODULE_SCRIPT)?;
+
+    let result = Command::new(assets::BUSYBOX_PATH)
+        .args(["sh", "-c", &install_script])
+        .envs(get_common_script_envs())
+        .env("OUTFD", "1")
+        .env("ZIPFILE", realpath)
+        .status()?;
+    ensure!(result.success(), "Failed to install module script");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+// Check if Android boot is completed before installing modules
+fn ensure_boot_completed() -> Result<()> {
+    // ensure getprop sys.boot_completed == 1
+    if getprop("sys.boot_completed").as_deref() != Some("1") {
+        bail!("Android is Booting!");
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(crate) enum ModuleType {
+    All,
+    Active,
+    Updated,
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn foreach_module(
+    module_type: ModuleType,
+    mut f: impl FnMut(&Path) -> Result<()>,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let modules_dir = Path::new(match module_type {
+        ModuleType::Updated => MODULE_UPDATE_DIR,
+        _ => defs::MODULE_DIR,
+    });
+    let dir = std::fs::read_dir(modules_dir)?;
+    for entry in dir.flatten() {
+        let path = entry.path();
+        if !path.is_dir() {
+            warn!("{} is not a directory, skip", path.display());
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if module_type == Active && path.join(defs::DISABLE_FILE_NAME).exists() {
+            info!("{} is disabled, skip", path.display());
+            continue;
+        }
+        if module_type == Active && path.join(defs::REMOVE_FILE_NAME).exists() {
+            warn!("{} is removed, skip", path.display());
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        f(&path)?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn foreach_active_module(f: impl FnMut(&Path) -> Result<()>) -> Result<()> {
+    foreach_module(Active, f)
+}
+
+pub fn load_sepolicy_rule() -> Result<()> {
+    foreach_active_module(|path| {
+        let rule_file = path.join("sepolicy.rule");
+        if !rule_file.exists() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        info!("load policy: {}", &rule_file.display());
+
+        if sepolicy::apply_file(&rule_file).is_err() {
+            warn!("Failed to load sepolicy.rule for {}", &rule_file.display());
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    })?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn exec_script<T: AsRef<Path>>(path: T, wait: bool) -> Result<()> {
+    info!("exec {}", path.as_ref().display());
+
+    // Extract module_id from path if it matches /data/adb/modules/{id}/...
+    let module_id = path
+        .as_ref()
+        .strip_prefix(defs::MODULE_DIR)
+        .ok()
+        .and_then(|p| p.components().next())
+        .and_then(|c| c.as_os_str().to_str())
+        .map(|s| s.to_string());
+
+    // Validate and log module_id extraction
+    let validated_module_id = module_id
+        .as_ref()
+        .and_then(|id| match validate_module_id(id) {
+            Ok(_) => {
+                debug!("Module ID extracted from script path: '{}'", id);
+                Some(id.as_str())
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                warn!(
+                    "Invalid module ID '{}' extracted from script path '{}': {}",
+                    id,
+                    path.as_ref().display(),
+                    e
+                );
+                None
+            }
+        });
+
+    if module_id.is_none() {
+        debug!(
+            "Failed to extract module_id from script path '{}'. Script will run without KSU_MODULE environment variable.",
+            path.as_ref().display()
+        );
+    }
+
+    let mut command = &mut Command::new(assets::BUSYBOX_PATH);
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    {
+        command = command.process_group(0);
+        command = unsafe {
+            command.pre_exec(|| {
+                // ignore the error?
+                switch_cgroups();
+                Ok(())
+            })
+        };
+    }
+    command = command
+        .current_dir(path.as_ref().parent().unwrap())
+        .arg("sh")
+        .arg(path.as_ref())
+        .envs(get_common_script_envs());
+
+    // Set KSU_MODULE environment variable if module_id was validated successfully
+    if let Some(id) = validated_module_id {
+        command = command.env("KSU_MODULE", id);
+    }
+
+    let result = if wait {
+        command.status().map(|_| ())
+    } else {
+        command.spawn().map(|_| ())
+    };
+    result.map_err(|err| anyhow!("Failed to exec {}: {}", path.as_ref().display(), err))
+}
+
+pub fn exec_stage_script(stage: &str, block: bool) -> Result<()> {
+    let metamodule_dir = metamodule::get_metamodule_path().and_then(|path| canonicalize(path).ok());
+
+    foreach_active_module(|module| {
+        if metamodule_dir.as_ref().is_some_and(|meta_dir| {
+            canonicalize(module)
+                .map(|resolved| resolved == *meta_dir)
+                .unwrap_or(false)
+        }) {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        let script_path = module.join(format!("{stage}.sh"));
+        if !script_path.exists() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        exec_script(&script_path, block)
+    })?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn exec_common_scripts(dir: &str, wait: bool) -> Result<()> {
+    let script_dir = Path::new(defs::ADB_DIR).join(dir);
+    if !script_dir.exists() {
+        info!("{} not exists, skip", script_dir.display());
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    let dir = std::fs::read_dir(&script_dir)?;
+    for entry in dir.flatten() {
+        let path = entry.path();
+
+        if !is_executable(&path) {
+            warn!("{} is not executable, skip", path.display());
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        exec_script(path, wait)?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn load_system_prop() -> Result<()> {
+    foreach_active_module(|module| {
+        let system_prop = module.join("system.prop");
+        if !system_prop.exists() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        info!("load {} system.prop", module.display());
+
+        // resetprop -n --file system.prop
+        Command::new(assets::RESETPROP_PATH)
+            .arg("-n")
+            .arg("--file")
+            .arg(&system_prop)
+            .status()
+            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to exec {}", system_prop.display()))?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    })?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn prune_modules() -> Result<()> {
+    foreach_module(All, |module| {
+        if !module.join(defs::REMOVE_FILE_NAME).exists() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        info!("remove module: {}", module.display());
+
+        // Execute metamodule's metauninstall.sh first
+        let module_id = module.file_name().and_then(|n| n.to_str()).unwrap_or("");
+
+        // Check if this is a metamodule
+        let is_metamodule = read_module_prop(module)
+            .map(|props| metamodule::is_metamodule(&props))
+            .unwrap_or(false);
+
+        if is_metamodule {
+            info!("Removing metamodule symlink");
+            if let Err(e) = metamodule::remove_symlink() {
+                warn!("Failed to remove metamodule symlink: {}", e);
+            }
+        } else if let Err(e) = metamodule::exec_metauninstall_script(module_id) {
+            warn!(
+                "Failed to exec metamodule uninstall for {}: {}",
+                module_id, e
+            );
+        }
+
+        // Then execute module's own uninstall.sh
+        let uninstaller = module.join("uninstall.sh");
+        if uninstaller.exists()
+            && let Err(e) = exec_script(uninstaller, true)
+        {
+            warn!("Failed to exec uninstaller: {e}");
+        }
+
+        // Clear module configs before removing module directory
+        if let Err(e) = crate::module_config::clear_module_configs(module_id) {
+            warn!("Failed to clear configs for {}: {}", module_id, e);
+        }
+
+        // Finally remove the module directory
+        if let Err(e) = remove_dir_all(module) {
+            warn!("Failed to remove {}: {}", module.display(), e);
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    })?;
+
+    // collect remaining modules, if none, clean up metamodule record
+    let remaining_modules: Vec<_> = std::fs::read_dir(defs::MODULE_DIR)?
+        .filter_map(|entry| entry.ok())
+        .filter(|entry| entry.path().join("module.prop").exists())
+        .collect();
+
+    if remaining_modules.is_empty() {
+        info!("no remaining modules.");
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn handle_updated_modules() -> Result<()> {
+    let modules_root = Path::new(MODULE_DIR);
+    foreach_module(ModuleType::Updated, |updated_module| {
+        if !updated_module.is_dir() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        if let Some(name) = updated_module.file_name() {
+            let module_dir = modules_root.join(name);
+            let mut disabled = false;
+            let mut removed = false;
+            if module_dir.exists() {
+                // If the old module is disabled, we need to also disable the new one
+                disabled = module_dir.join(defs::DISABLE_FILE_NAME).exists();
+                removed = module_dir.join(defs::REMOVE_FILE_NAME).exists();
+                remove_dir_all(&module_dir)?;
+            }
+            rename(updated_module, &module_dir)?;
+            if removed {
+                let path = module_dir.join(defs::REMOVE_FILE_NAME);
+                if let Err(e) = ensure_file_exists(&path) {
+                    warn!("Failed to create {}: {}", path.display(), e);
+                }
+            } else if disabled {
+                let path = module_dir.join(defs::DISABLE_FILE_NAME);
+                if let Err(e) = ensure_file_exists(&path) {
+                    warn!("Failed to create {}: {}", path.display(), e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    })?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn _install_module(zip: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    ensure_boot_completed()?;
+
+    // print banner
+    println!(include_str!("banner"));
+
+    assets::ensure_binaries(false).with_context(|| "Failed to extract assets")?;
+
+    // first check if working dir is usable
+    ensure_dir_exists(defs::WORKING_DIR).with_context(|| "Failed to create working dir")?;
+    ensure_dir_exists(defs::BINARY_DIR).with_context(|| "Failed to create bin dir")?;
+
+    // read the module_id from zip, if failed it will return early.
+    let mut buffer: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+    let entry_path = PathBuf::from_str("module.prop")?;
+    let zip_path = PathBuf::from_str(zip)?;
+    let zip_path = zip_path.canonicalize()?;
+    zip_extract_file_to_memory(&zip_path, &entry_path, &mut buffer)?;
+
+    let mut module_prop = HashMap::new();
+    PropertiesIter::new_with_encoding(Cursor::new(buffer), encoding_rs::UTF_8).read_into(
+        |k, v| {
+            module_prop.insert(k, v);
+        },
+    )?;
+    info!("module prop: {module_prop:?}");
+
+    let Some(module_id) = module_prop.get("id") else {
+        bail!("module id not found in module.prop!");
+    };
+    let module_id = module_id.trim();
+
+    // Validate module_id format
+    validate_module_id(module_id)
+        .with_context(|| format!("Invalid module ID in module.prop: '{}'", module_id))?;
+
+    // Check if this module is a metamodule
+    let is_metamodule = metamodule::is_metamodule(&module_prop);
+
+    // Check if it's safe to install regular module
+    if !is_metamodule && let Err(is_disabled) = metamodule::check_install_safety() {
+        println!("\n❌ Installation Blocked");
+        println!("┌────────────────────────────────");
+        println!("│ A metamodule with custom installer is active");
+        println!("│");
+        if is_disabled {
+            println!("│ Current state: Disabled");
+            println!("│ Action required: Re-enable or uninstall it, then reboot");
+        } else {
+            println!("│ Current state: Pending changes");
+            println!("│ Action required: Reboot to apply changes first");
+        }
+        println!("└─────────────────────────────────\n");
+        bail!("Metamodule installation blocked");
+    }
+
+    // All modules (including metamodules) are installed to MODULE_UPDATE_DIR
+    let updated_dir = Path::new(defs::MODULE_UPDATE_DIR).join(module_id);
+
+    if is_metamodule {
+        info!("Installing metamodule: {}", module_id);
+
+        // Check if there's already a metamodule installed
+        if metamodule::has_metamodule()
+            && let Some(existing_path) = metamodule::get_metamodule_path()
+        {
+            let existing_id = read_module_prop(&existing_path)
+                .ok()
+                .and_then(|m| m.get("id").cloned())
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| "unknown".to_string());
+
+            if existing_id != module_id {
+                println!("\n❌ Installation Failed");
+                println!("┌────────────────────────────────");
+                println!("│ A metamodule is already installed");
+                println!("│   Current metamodule: {}", existing_id);
+                println!("│");
+                println!("│ Only one metamodule can be active at a time.");
+                println!("│");
+                println!("│ To install this metamodule:");
+                println!("│   1. Uninstall the current metamodule");
+                println!("│   2. Reboot your device");
+                println!("│   3. Install the new metamodule");
+                println!("└─────────────────────────────────\n");
+                bail!("Cannot install multiple metamodules");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let zip_uncompressed_size = get_zip_uncompressed_size(zip)?;
+    info!(
+        "zip uncompressed size: {}",
+        humansize::format_size(zip_uncompressed_size, humansize::DECIMAL)
+    );
+    println!(
+        "- Module size: {}",
+        humansize::format_size(zip_uncompressed_size, humansize::DECIMAL)
+    );
+
+    // Ensure module directory exists and set SELinux context
+    ensure_dir_exists(defs::MODULE_UPDATE_DIR)?;
+    setsyscon(defs::MODULE_UPDATE_DIR)?;
+
+    // Prepare target directory
+    println!("- Installing to {}", updated_dir.display());
+    ensure_clean_dir(&updated_dir)?;
+    info!("target dir: {}", updated_dir.display());
+
+    // Extract zip to target directory
+    println!("- Extracting module files");
+    let file = File::open(zip)?;
+    let mut archive = zip::ZipArchive::new(file)?;
+    archive.extract(&updated_dir)?;
+
+    // Set permission and selinux context for $MOD/system
+    let module_system_dir = updated_dir.join("system");
+    if module_system_dir.exists() {
+        #[cfg(unix)]
+        set_permissions(&module_system_dir, Permissions::from_mode(0o755))?;
+        restore_syscon(&module_system_dir)?;
+    }
+
+    // Execute install script
+    println!("- Running module installer");
+    exec_install_script(zip, is_metamodule)?;
+
+    let module_dir = Path::new(MODULE_DIR).join(module_id);
+    ensure_dir_exists(&module_dir)?;
+    copy(
+        updated_dir.join("module.prop"),
+        module_dir.join("module.prop"),
+    )?;
+    ensure_file_exists(module_dir.join(UPDATE_FILE_NAME))?;
+
+    // Create symlink for metamodule
+    if is_metamodule {
+        println!("- Creating metamodule symlink");
+        metamodule::ensure_symlink(&module_dir)?;
+    }
+
+    println!("- Module installed successfully!");
+    info!("Module {} installed successfully!", module_id);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn install_module(zip: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    let result = _install_module(zip);
+    if let Err(ref e) = result {
+        println!("- Error: {e}");
+    }
+    result
+}
+
+pub fn undo_uninstall_module(id: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    validate_module_id(id)?;
+
+    let module_path = Path::new(defs::MODULE_DIR).join(id);
+    ensure!(module_path.exists(), "Module {} not found", id);
+
+    // Remove the remove mark
+    let remove_file = module_path.join(defs::REMOVE_FILE_NAME);
+    if remove_file.exists() {
+        std::fs::remove_file(&remove_file)
+            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to delete remove file for module '{}'", id))?;
+        info!("Removed the remove mark for module {}", id);
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn uninstall_module(id: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    validate_module_id(id)?;
+
+    let module_path = Path::new(defs::MODULE_DIR).join(id);
+    ensure!(module_path.exists(), "Module {} not found", id);
+
+    // Mark for removal
+    let remove_file = module_path.join(defs::REMOVE_FILE_NAME);
+    File::create(remove_file).with_context(|| "Failed to create remove file")?;
+
+    info!("Module {} marked for removal", id);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn run_action(id: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    validate_module_id(id)?;
+
+    let action_script_path = format!("/data/adb/modules/{id}/action.sh");
+    exec_script(&action_script_path, true)
+}
+
+pub fn enable_module(id: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    validate_module_id(id)?;
+
+    let module_path = Path::new(defs::MODULE_DIR).join(id);
+    ensure!(module_path.exists(), "Module {} not found", id);
+
+    let disable_path = module_path.join(defs::DISABLE_FILE_NAME);
+    if disable_path.exists() {
+        std::fs::remove_file(&disable_path).with_context(|| {
+            format!("Failed to remove disable file: {}", disable_path.display())
+        })?;
+        info!("Module {} enabled", id);
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn disable_module(id: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    let module_path = Path::new(defs::MODULE_DIR).join(id);
+    ensure!(module_path.exists(), "Module {} not found", id);
+
+    let disable_path = module_path.join(defs::DISABLE_FILE_NAME);
+    ensure_file_exists(disable_path)?;
+
+    info!("Module {} disabled", id);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn disable_all_modules() -> Result<()> {
+    mark_all_modules(defs::DISABLE_FILE_NAME)
+}
+
+pub fn uninstall_all_modules() -> Result<()> {
+    info!("Uninstalling all modules");
+    mark_all_modules(defs::REMOVE_FILE_NAME)
+}
+
+fn mark_all_modules(flag_file: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    // we assume the module dir is already mounted
+    let dir = std::fs::read_dir(defs::MODULE_DIR)?;
+    for entry in dir.flatten() {
+        let path = entry.path();
+        let flag = path.join(flag_file);
+        if let Err(e) = ensure_file_exists(flag) {
+            warn!("Failed to mark module: {}: {}", path.display(), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Read module.prop from the given module path and return as a HashMap
+pub fn read_module_prop(module_path: &Path) -> Result<HashMap<String, String>> {
+    let module_prop = module_path.join("module.prop");
+    ensure!(
+        module_prop.exists(),
+        "module.prop not found in {}",
+        module_path.display()
+    );
+
+    let content = std::fs::read(&module_prop)
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to read module.prop: {}", module_prop.display()))?;
+
+    let mut prop_map: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();
+    PropertiesIter::new_with_encoding(Cursor::new(content), encoding_rs::UTF_8)
+        .read_into(|k, v| {
+            prop_map.insert(k, v);
+        })
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to parse module.prop: {}", module_prop.display()))?;
+
+    Ok(prop_map)
+}
+
+fn _list_modules(path: &str) -> Vec<HashMap<String, String>> {
+    // Load all module configs once to minimize I/O overhead
+    let all_configs = match crate::module_config::get_all_module_configs() {
+        Ok(configs) => configs,
+        Err(e) => {
+            warn!("Failed to load module configs: {}", e);
+            HashMap::new()
+        }
+    };
+
+    // first check enabled modules
+    let dir = std::fs::read_dir(path);
+    let Ok(dir) = dir else {
+        return Vec::new();
+    };
+
+    let mut modules: Vec<HashMap<String, String>> = Vec::new();
+
+    for entry in dir.flatten() {
+        let path = entry.path();
+        info!("path: {}", path.display());
+
+        if !path.join("module.prop").exists() {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let mut module_prop_map = match read_module_prop(&path) {
+            Ok(prop) => prop,
+            Err(e) => {
+                warn!("Failed to read module.prop for {}: {}", path.display(), e);
+                continue;
+            }
+        };
+
+        // If id is missing or empty, use directory name as fallback
+        if !module_prop_map.contains_key("id") || module_prop_map["id"].is_empty() {
+            match entry.file_name().to_str() {
+                Some(id) => {
+                    info!("Use dir name as module id: {id}");
+                    module_prop_map.insert("id".to_owned(), id.to_owned());
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    info!("Failed to get module id from dir name");
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Add enabled, update, remove, web, action flags
+        let enabled = !path.join(defs::DISABLE_FILE_NAME).exists();
+        let update = path.join(defs::UPDATE_FILE_NAME).exists();
+        let remove = path.join(defs::REMOVE_FILE_NAME).exists();
+        let web = path.join(defs::MODULE_WEB_DIR).exists();
+        let action = path.join(defs::MODULE_ACTION_SH).exists();
+        let need_mount = path.join("system").exists() && !path.join("skip_mount").exists();
+
+        module_prop_map.insert("enabled".to_owned(), enabled.to_string());
+        module_prop_map.insert("update".to_owned(), update.to_string());
+        module_prop_map.insert("remove".to_owned(), remove.to_string());
+        module_prop_map.insert("web".to_owned(), web.to_string());
+        module_prop_map.insert("action".to_owned(), action.to_string());
+        module_prop_map.insert("mount".to_owned(), need_mount.to_string());
+
+        // Apply module config overrides and extract managed features
+        if let Some(module_id) = module_prop_map.get("id")
+            && let Some(config) = all_configs.get(module_id.as_str())
+        {
+            // Apply override.description
+            if let Some(desc) = config.get("override.description") {
+                module_prop_map.insert("description".to_owned(), desc.clone());
+            }
+
+            // Extract managed features from manage.* config entries
+            let managed_features: Vec<String> = config
+                .iter()
+                .filter_map(|(k, v)| {
+                    if k.starts_with("manage.") && crate::module_config::parse_bool_config(v) {
+                        k.strip_prefix("manage.").map(|f| f.to_string())
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    }
+                })
+                .collect();
+
+            if !managed_features.is_empty() {
+                module_prop_map.insert("managedFeatures".to_owned(), managed_features.join(","));
+            }
+        }
+
+        modules.push(module_prop_map);
+    }
+
+    modules
+}
+
+pub fn list_modules() -> Result<()> {
+    let modules = _list_modules(defs::MODULE_DIR);
+    println!("{}", serde_json::to_string_pretty(&modules)?);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Get all managed features from active modules
+/// Modules declare managed features via config system (manage.<feature>=true)
+/// Returns: HashMap<ModuleId, Vec<ManagedFeature>>
+pub fn get_managed_features() -> Result<HashMap<String, Vec<String>>> {
+    let mut managed_features_map: HashMap<String, Vec<String>> = HashMap::new();
+
+    foreach_active_module(|module_path| {
+        // Get module ID
+        let module_id = match module_path.file_name().and_then(|n| n.to_str()) {
+            Some(id) => id,
+            None => {
+                warn!(
+                    "Failed to get module id from path: {}",
+                    module_path.display()
+                );
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Read module config
+        let config = match crate::module_config::merge_configs(module_id) {
+            Ok(c) => c,
+            Err(e) => {
+                warn!("Failed to merge configs for module '{}': {}", module_id, e);
+                return Ok(()); // Skip this module
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Extract manage.* config entries
+        let mut feature_list = Vec::new();
+        for (key, value) in config.iter() {
+            if key.starts_with("manage.") {
+                // Parse feature name
+                if let Some(feature_name) = key.strip_prefix("manage.")
+                    && crate::module_config::parse_bool_config(value)
+                {
+                    info!("Module {} manages feature: {}", module_id, feature_name);
+                    feature_list.push(feature_name.to_string());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if !feature_list.is_empty() {
+            managed_features_map.insert(module_id.to_string(), feature_list);
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    })?;
+
+    Ok(managed_features_map)
+}

userspace/ksud/src/module_config.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,474 @@
+use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};
+use log::{debug, warn};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::fs::{self, File};
+use std::io::{Read, Write};
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+
+use crate::defs;
+use crate::utils::ensure_dir_exists;
+
+const MODULE_CONFIG_MAGIC: u32 = 0x4b53554d; // "KSUM"
+const MODULE_CONFIG_VERSION: u32 = 1;
+
+// Validation limits
+pub const MAX_CONFIG_KEY_LEN: usize = 256;
+pub const MAX_CONFIG_VALUE_LEN: usize = 256;
+pub const MAX_CONFIG_COUNT: usize = 32;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ConfigType {
+    Persist,
+    Temp,
+}
+
+impl ConfigType {
+    fn filename(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            ConfigType::Persist => defs::PERSIST_CONFIG_NAME,
+            ConfigType::Temp => defs::TEMP_CONFIG_NAME,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parse a boolean config value
+/// Accepts "true", "1" (case-insensitive) as true, everything else as false
+pub fn parse_bool_config(value: &str) -> bool {
+    let trimmed = value.trim();
+    trimmed.eq_ignore_ascii_case("true") || trimmed == "1"
+}
+
+/// Validate config key
+/// Rejects keys with control characters, newlines, or excessive length
+pub fn validate_config_key(key: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    if key.is_empty() {
+        bail!("Config key cannot be empty");
+    }
+
+    if key.len() > MAX_CONFIG_KEY_LEN {
+        bail!(
+            "Config key too long: {} bytes (max: {})",
+            key.len(),
+            MAX_CONFIG_KEY_LEN
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Check for control characters and newlines
+    for ch in key.chars() {
+        if ch.is_control() {
+            bail!(
+                "Config key contains control character: {:?} (U+{:04X})",
+                ch,
+                ch as u32
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Reject keys with path separators to prevent path traversal
+    if key.contains('/') || key.contains('\\') {
+        bail!("Config key cannot contain path separators");
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Validate config value
+/// Rejects values with control characters (except tab), newlines, or excessive length
+pub fn validate_config_value(value: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    if value.len() > MAX_CONFIG_VALUE_LEN {
+        bail!(
+            "Config value too long: {} bytes (max: {})",
+            value.len(),
+            MAX_CONFIG_VALUE_LEN
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Check for control characters (allow tab but reject newlines and others)
+    for ch in value.chars() {
+        if ch.is_control() && ch != '\t' {
+            bail!(
+                "Config value contains invalid control character: {:?} (U+{:04X})",
+                ch,
+                ch as u32
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Validate config count
+fn validate_config_count(config: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Result<()> {
+    if config.len() > MAX_CONFIG_COUNT {
+        bail!(
+            "Too many config entries: {} (max: {})",
+            config.len(),
+            MAX_CONFIG_COUNT
+        );
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Get the config directory path for a module
+fn get_config_dir(module_id: &str) -> PathBuf {
+    Path::new(defs::MODULE_CONFIG_DIR).join(module_id)
+}
+
+/// Get the config file path for a module
+fn get_config_path(module_id: &str, config_type: ConfigType) -> PathBuf {
+    get_config_dir(module_id).join(config_type.filename())
+}
+
+/// Ensure the config directory exists
+fn ensure_config_dir(module_id: &str) -> Result<PathBuf> {
+    let dir = get_config_dir(module_id);
+    ensure_dir_exists(&dir)?;
+    Ok(dir)
+}
+
+/// Load config from binary file
+pub fn load_config(module_id: &str, config_type: ConfigType) -> Result<HashMap<String, String>> {
+    crate::module::validate_module_id(module_id)?;
+
+    let config_path = get_config_path(module_id, config_type);
+
+    if !config_path.exists() {
+        debug!("Config file not found: {:?}", config_path);
+        return Ok(HashMap::new());
+    }
+
+    let mut file = File::open(&config_path)
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to open config file: {:?}", config_path))?;
+
+    // Read magic
+    let mut magic_buf = [0u8; 4];
+    file.read_exact(&mut magic_buf)
+        .with_context(|| "Failed to read magic")?;
+    let magic = u32::from_le_bytes(magic_buf);
+
+    if magic != MODULE_CONFIG_MAGIC {
+        bail!(
+            "Invalid config magic: expected 0x{:08x}, got 0x{:08x}",
+            MODULE_CONFIG_MAGIC,
+            magic
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Read version
+    let mut version_buf = [0u8; 4];
+    file.read_exact(&mut version_buf)
+        .with_context(|| "Failed to read version")?;
+    let version = u32::from_le_bytes(version_buf);
+
+    if version != MODULE_CONFIG_VERSION {
+        bail!(
+            "Unsupported config version: expected {}, got {}",
+            MODULE_CONFIG_VERSION,
+            version
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Read count
+    let mut count_buf = [0u8; 4];
+    file.read_exact(&mut count_buf)
+        .with_context(|| "Failed to read count")?;
+    let count = u32::from_le_bytes(count_buf);
+
+    // Read entries
+    let mut config = HashMap::new();
+    for i in 0..count {
+        // Read key length
+        let mut key_len_buf = [0u8; 4];
+        file.read_exact(&mut key_len_buf)
+            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to read key length for entry {}", i))?;
+        let key_len = u32::from_le_bytes(key_len_buf) as usize;
+
+        // Read key data
+        let mut key_buf = vec![0u8; key_len];
+        file.read_exact(&mut key_buf)
+            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to read key data for entry {}", i))?;
+        let key = String::from_utf8(key_buf)
+            .with_context(|| format!("Invalid UTF-8 in key for entry {}", i))?;
+
+        // Read value length
+        let mut value_len_buf = [0u8; 4];
+        file.read_exact(&mut value_len_buf)
+            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to read value length for entry {}", i))?;
+        let value_len = u32::from_le_bytes(value_len_buf) as usize;
+
+        // Read value data
+        let mut value_buf = vec![0u8; value_len];
+        file.read_exact(&mut value_buf)
+            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to read value data for entry {}", i))?;
+        let value = String::from_utf8(value_buf)
+            .with_context(|| format!("Invalid UTF-8 in value for entry {}", i))?;
+
+        config.insert(key, value);
+    }
+
+    debug!("Loaded {} entries from {:?}", config.len(), config_path);
+    Ok(config)
+}
+
+/// Save config to binary file
+pub fn save_config(
+    module_id: &str,
+    config_type: ConfigType,
+    config: &HashMap<String, String>,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    crate::module::validate_module_id(module_id)?;
+
+    // Validate config count
+    validate_config_count(config)?;
+
+    // Validate all keys and values
+    for (key, value) in config {
+        validate_config_key(key).with_context(|| format!("Invalid config key: '{}'", key))?;
+        validate_config_value(value)
+            .with_context(|| format!("Invalid config value for key '{}'", key))?;
+    }
+
+    ensure_config_dir(module_id)?;
+
+    let config_path = get_config_path(module_id, config_type);
+    let temp_path = config_path.with_extension("tmp");
+
+    // Write to temporary file first
+    let mut file = File::create(&temp_path)
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to create temp config file: {:?}", temp_path))?;
+
+    // Write magic
+    file.write_all(&MODULE_CONFIG_MAGIC.to_le_bytes())
+        .with_context(|| "Failed to write magic")?;
+
+    // Write version
+    file.write_all(&MODULE_CONFIG_VERSION.to_le_bytes())
+        .with_context(|| "Failed to write version")?;
+
+    // Write count
+    let count = config.len() as u32;
+    file.write_all(&count.to_le_bytes())
+        .with_context(|| "Failed to write count")?;
+
+    // Write entries
+    for (key, value) in config {
+        // Write key length
+        let key_bytes = key.as_bytes();
+        let key_len = key_bytes.len() as u32;
+        file.write_all(&key_len.to_le_bytes())
+            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to write key length for '{}'", key))?;
+
+        // Write key data
+        file.write_all(key_bytes)
+            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to write key data for '{}'", key))?;
+
+        // Write value length
+        let value_bytes = value.as_bytes();
+        let value_len = value_bytes.len() as u32;
+        file.write_all(&value_len.to_le_bytes())
+            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to write value length for '{}'", key))?;
+
+        // Write value data
+        file.write_all(value_bytes)
+            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to write value data for '{}'", key))?;
+    }
+
+    file.sync_all()
+        .with_context(|| "Failed to sync config file")?;
+
+    // Atomic rename
+    fs::rename(&temp_path, &config_path).with_context(|| {
+        format!(
+            "Failed to rename config file: {:?} -> {:?}",
+            temp_path, config_path
+        )
+    })?;
+
+    debug!("Saved {} entries to {:?}", config.len(), config_path);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Get a single config value
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn get_config_value(
+    module_id: &str,
+    key: &str,
+    config_type: ConfigType,
+) -> Result<Option<String>> {
+    let config = load_config(module_id, config_type)?;
+    Ok(config.get(key).cloned())
+}
+
+/// Set a single config value
+pub fn set_config_value(
+    module_id: &str,
+    key: &str,
+    value: &str,
+    config_type: ConfigType,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    // Validate input early for better error messages
+    validate_config_key(key)?;
+    validate_config_value(value)?;
+
+    let mut config = load_config(module_id, config_type)?;
+    config.insert(key.to_string(), value.to_string());
+
+    // Note: save_config will also validate, but this provides earlier feedback
+    save_config(module_id, config_type, &config)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Delete a single config value
+pub fn delete_config_value(module_id: &str, key: &str, config_type: ConfigType) -> Result<()> {
+    let mut config = load_config(module_id, config_type)?;
+
+    if config.remove(key).is_none() {
+        bail!("Key '{}' not found in config", key);
+    }
+
+    save_config(module_id, config_type, &config)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Clear all config values
+pub fn clear_config(module_id: &str, config_type: ConfigType) -> Result<()> {
+    let config_path = get_config_path(module_id, config_type);
+
+    if config_path.exists() {
+        fs::remove_file(&config_path)
+            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to remove config file: {:?}", config_path))?;
+        debug!("Cleared config: {:?}", config_path);
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Merge persist and temp configs (temp takes priority)
+pub fn merge_configs(module_id: &str) -> Result<HashMap<String, String>> {
+    crate::module::validate_module_id(module_id)?;
+
+    let mut merged = match load_config(module_id, ConfigType::Persist) {
+        Ok(config) => config,
+        Err(e) => {
+            warn!(
+                "Failed to load persist config for module '{}': {}",
+                module_id, e
+            );
+            HashMap::new()
+        }
+    };
+
+    let temp = match load_config(module_id, ConfigType::Temp) {
+        Ok(config) => config,
+        Err(e) => {
+            warn!(
+                "Failed to load temp config for module '{}': {}",
+                module_id, e
+            );
+            HashMap::new()
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Temp config overrides persist config
+    for (key, value) in temp {
+        merged.insert(key, value);
+    }
+
+    Ok(merged)
+}
+
+/// Get all module configs (for iteration)
+/// Loads all configs in a single pass to minimize I/O overhead
+pub fn get_all_module_configs() -> Result<HashMap<String, HashMap<String, String>>> {
+    let config_root = Path::new(defs::MODULE_CONFIG_DIR);
+
+    if !config_root.exists() {
+        return Ok(HashMap::new());
+    }
+
+    let mut all_configs = HashMap::new();
+
+    for entry in fs::read_dir(config_root)
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to read config directory: {:?}", config_root))?
+    {
+        let entry = entry?;
+        let path = entry.path();
+
+        if !path.is_dir() {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if let Some(module_id) = path.file_name().and_then(|n| n.to_str()) {
+            match merge_configs(module_id) {
+                Ok(config) => {
+                    if !config.is_empty() {
+                        all_configs.insert(module_id.to_string(), config);
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    warn!("Failed to load config for module '{}': {}", module_id, e);
+                    // Continue processing other modules
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(all_configs)
+}
+
+/// Clear all temporary configs (called during post-fs-data)
+pub fn clear_all_temp_configs() -> Result<()> {
+    let config_root = Path::new(defs::MODULE_CONFIG_DIR);
+
+    if !config_root.exists() {
+        debug!("Config directory does not exist, nothing to clear");
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    let mut cleared_count = 0;
+
+    for entry in fs::read_dir(config_root)
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to read config directory: {:?}", config_root))?
+    {
+        let entry = entry?;
+        let path = entry.path();
+
+        if !path.is_dir() {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let temp_config = path.join(defs::TEMP_CONFIG_NAME);
+        if temp_config.exists() {
+            match fs::remove_file(&temp_config) {
+                Ok(_) => {
+                    debug!("Cleared temp config: {:?}", temp_config);
+                    cleared_count += 1;
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    warn!("Failed to clear temp config {:?}: {}", temp_config, e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if cleared_count > 0 {
+        debug!("Cleared {} temp config file(s)", cleared_count);
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Clear all configs for a module (called during uninstall)
+pub fn clear_module_configs(module_id: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    crate::module::validate_module_id(module_id)?;
+
+    let config_dir = get_config_dir(module_id);
+
+    if config_dir.exists() {
+        fs::remove_dir_all(&config_dir)
+            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to remove config directory: {:?}", config_dir))?;
+        debug!("Cleared all configs for module: {}", module_id);
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}

userspace/ksud/src/profile.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use anyhow::{Context, Result};
+
+use crate::{defs, sepolicy, utils::ensure_dir_exists};
+
+pub fn set_sepolicy(pkg: String, policy: String) -> Result<()> {
+    ensure_dir_exists(defs::PROFILE_SELINUX_DIR)?;
+    let policy_file = Path::new(defs::PROFILE_SELINUX_DIR).join(pkg);
+    std::fs::write(&policy_file, policy)?;
+    sepolicy::apply_file(&policy_file)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn get_sepolicy(pkg: String) -> Result<()> {
+    let policy_file = Path::new(defs::PROFILE_SELINUX_DIR).join(pkg);
+    let policy = std::fs::read_to_string(policy_file)?;
+    println!("{policy}");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+// ksud doesn't guarteen the correctness of template, it just save
+pub fn set_template(id: String, template: String) -> Result<()> {
+    ensure_dir_exists(defs::PROFILE_TEMPLATE_DIR)?;
+    let template_file = Path::new(defs::PROFILE_TEMPLATE_DIR).join(id);
+    std::fs::write(template_file, template)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn get_template(id: String) -> Result<()> {
+    let template_file = Path::new(defs::PROFILE_TEMPLATE_DIR).join(id);
+    let template = std::fs::read_to_string(template_file)?;
+    println!("{template}");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn delete_template(id: String) -> Result<()> {
+    let template_file = Path::new(defs::PROFILE_TEMPLATE_DIR).join(id);
+    std::fs::remove_file(template_file)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn list_templates() -> Result<()> {
+    let templates = std::fs::read_dir(defs::PROFILE_TEMPLATE_DIR);
+    let Ok(templates) = templates else {
+        return Ok(());
+    };
+    for template in templates {
+        let template = template?;
+        let template = template.file_name();
+        if let Some(template) = template.to_str() {
+            println!("{template}");
+        };
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn apply_sepolies() -> Result<()> {
+    let path = Path::new(defs::PROFILE_SELINUX_DIR);
+    if !path.exists() {
+        log::info!("profile sepolicy dir not exists.");
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    let sepolicies =
+        std::fs::read_dir(path).with_context(|| "profile sepolicy dir open failed.".to_string())?;
+    for sepolicy in sepolicies {
+        let Ok(sepolicy) = sepolicy else {
+            log::info!("profile sepolicy dir read failed.");
+            continue;
+        };
+        let sepolicy = sepolicy.path();
+        if sepolicy::apply_file(&sepolicy).is_ok() {
+            log::info!("profile sepolicy applied: {sepolicy:?}");
+        } else {
+            log::info!("profile sepolicy apply failed: {sepolicy:?}");
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}

userspace/ksud/src/restorecon.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use anyhow::Result;
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+use anyhow::{Context, Ok};
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+use extattr::{Flags as XattrFlags, lsetxattr};
+use jwalk::{Parallelism::Serial, WalkDir};
+
+use crate::defs;
+
+pub const SYSTEM_CON: &str = "u:object_r:system_file:s0";
+pub const ADB_CON: &str = "u:object_r:adb_data_file:s0";
+pub const UNLABEL_CON: &str = "u:object_r:unlabeled:s0";
+
+const SELINUX_XATTR: &str = "security.selinux";
+
+pub fn lsetfilecon<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P, con: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    #[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+    lsetxattr(&path, SELINUX_XATTR, con, XattrFlags::empty()).with_context(|| {
+        format!(
+            "Failed to change SELinux context for {}",
+            path.as_ref().display()
+        )
+    })?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+pub fn lgetfilecon<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> Result<String> {
+    let con = extattr::lgetxattr(&path, SELINUX_XATTR).with_context(|| {
+        format!(
+            "Failed to get SELinux context for {}",
+            path.as_ref().display()
+        )
+    })?;
+    let con = String::from_utf8_lossy(&con);
+    Ok(con.to_string())
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+pub fn setsyscon<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> Result<()> {
+    lsetfilecon(path, SYSTEM_CON)
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android")))]
+pub fn setsyscon<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> Result<()> {
+    unimplemented!()
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android")))]
+pub fn lgetfilecon<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> Result<String> {
+    unimplemented!()
+}
+
+pub fn restore_syscon<P: AsRef<Path>>(dir: P) -> Result<()> {
+    for dir_entry in WalkDir::new(dir).parallelism(Serial) {
+        if let Some(path) = dir_entry.ok().map(|dir_entry| dir_entry.path()) {
+            setsyscon(&path)?;
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn restore_syscon_if_unlabeled<P: AsRef<Path>>(dir: P) -> Result<()> {
+    for dir_entry in WalkDir::new(dir).parallelism(Serial) {
+        if let Some(path) = dir_entry.ok().map(|dir_entry| dir_entry.path())
+            && let Result::Ok(con) = lgetfilecon(&path)
+            && (con == UNLABEL_CON || con.is_empty())
+        {
+            lsetfilecon(&path, SYSTEM_CON)?;
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn restorecon() -> Result<()> {
+    lsetfilecon(defs::DAEMON_PATH, ADB_CON)?;
+    restore_syscon_if_unlabeled(defs::MODULE_DIR)?;
+    Ok(())
+}

userspace/ksud/src/sepolicy.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,744 @@
+use std::{ffi, path::Path, vec};
+
+use anyhow::{Result, bail};
+use derive_new::new;
+use nom::{
+    AsChar, IResult, Parser,
+    branch::alt,
+    bytes::complete::{tag, take_while, take_while_m_n, take_while1},
+    character::complete::{space0, space1},
+    combinator::map,
+};
+
+type SeObject<'a> = Vec<&'a str>;
+
+fn is_sepolicy_char(c: char) -> bool {
+    c.is_alphanum() || c == '_' || c == '-'
+}
+
+fn parse_single_word(input: &str) -> IResult<&str, &str> {
+    take_while1(is_sepolicy_char).parse(input)
+}
+
+fn parse_bracket_objs(input: &str) -> IResult<&str, SeObject<'_>> {
+    let (input, (_, words, _)) = (
+        tag("{"),
+        take_while_m_n(1, 100, |c: char| is_sepolicy_char(c) || c.is_whitespace()),
+        tag("}"),
+    )
+        .parse(input)?;
+    Ok((input, words.split_whitespace().collect()))
+}
+
+fn parse_single_obj(input: &str) -> IResult<&str, SeObject<'_>> {
+    let (input, word) = take_while1(is_sepolicy_char).parse(input)?;
+    Ok((input, vec![word]))
+}
+
+fn parse_star(input: &str) -> IResult<&str, SeObject<'_>> {
+    let (input, _) = tag("*").parse(input)?;
+    Ok((input, vec!["*"]))
+}
+
+// 1. a single sepolicy word
+// 2. { obj1 obj2 obj3 ...}
+// 3. *
+fn parse_seobj(input: &str) -> IResult<&str, SeObject<'_>> {
+    let (input, strs) = alt((parse_single_obj, parse_bracket_objs, parse_star)).parse(input)?;
+    Ok((input, strs))
+}
+
+fn parse_seobj_no_star(input: &str) -> IResult<&str, SeObject<'_>> {
+    let (input, strs) = alt((parse_single_obj, parse_bracket_objs)).parse(input)?;
+    Ok((input, strs))
+}
+
+trait SeObjectParser<'a> {
+    fn parse(input: &'a str) -> IResult<&'a str, Self>
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, new)]
+struct NormalPerm<'a> {
+    op: &'a str,
+    source: SeObject<'a>,
+    target: SeObject<'a>,
+    class: SeObject<'a>,
+    perm: SeObject<'a>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, new)]
+struct XPerm<'a> {
+    op: &'a str,
+    source: SeObject<'a>,
+    target: SeObject<'a>,
+    class: SeObject<'a>,
+    operation: &'a str,
+    perm_set: &'a str,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, new)]
+struct TypeState<'a> {
+    op: &'a str,
+    stype: SeObject<'a>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, new)]
+struct TypeAttr<'a> {
+    stype: SeObject<'a>,
+    sattr: SeObject<'a>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, new)]
+struct Type<'a> {
+    name: &'a str,
+    attrs: SeObject<'a>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, new)]
+struct Attr<'a> {
+    name: &'a str,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, new)]
+struct TypeTransition<'a> {
+    source: &'a str,
+    target: &'a str,
+    class: &'a str,
+    default_type: &'a str,
+    object_name: Option<&'a str>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, new)]
+struct TypeChange<'a> {
+    op: &'a str,
+    source: &'a str,
+    target: &'a str,
+    class: &'a str,
+    default_type: &'a str,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, new)]
+struct GenFsCon<'a> {
+    fs_name: &'a str,
+    partial_path: &'a str,
+    fs_context: &'a str,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+enum PolicyStatement<'a> {
+    // "allow *source_type *target_type *class *perm_set"
+    // "deny *source_type *target_type *class *perm_set"
+    // "auditallow *source_type *target_type *class *perm_set"
+    // "dontaudit *source_type *target_type *class *perm_set"
+    NormalPerm(NormalPerm<'a>),
+
+    // "allowxperm *source_type *target_type *class operation xperm_set"
+    // "auditallowxperm *source_type *target_type *class operation xperm_set"
+    // "dontauditxperm *source_type *target_type *class operation xperm_set"
+    XPerm(XPerm<'a>),
+
+    // "permissive ^type"
+    // "enforce ^type"
+    TypeState(TypeState<'a>),
+
+    // "type type_name ^(attribute)"
+    Type(Type<'a>),
+
+    // "typeattribute ^type ^attribute"
+    TypeAttr(TypeAttr<'a>),
+
+    // "attribute ^attribute"
+    Attr(Attr<'a>),
+
+    // "type_transition source_type target_type class default_type (object_name)"
+    TypeTransition(TypeTransition<'a>),
+
+    // "type_change source_type target_type class default_type"
+    // "type_member source_type target_type class default_type"
+    TypeChange(TypeChange<'a>),
+
+    // "genfscon fs_name partial_path fs_context"
+    GenFsCon(GenFsCon<'a>),
+}
+
+impl<'a> SeObjectParser<'a> for NormalPerm<'a> {
+    fn parse(input: &'a str) -> IResult<&'a str, Self> {
+        let (input, op) = alt((
+            tag("allow"),
+            tag("deny"),
+            tag("auditallow"),
+            tag("dontaudit"),
+        ))
+        .parse(input)?;
+
+        let (input, _) = space0(input)?;
+        let (input, source) = parse_seobj(input)?;
+        let (input, _) = space0(input)?;
+        let (input, target) = parse_seobj(input)?;
+        let (input, _) = space0(input)?;
+        let (input, class) = parse_seobj(input)?;
+        let (input, _) = space0(input)?;
+        let (input, perm) = parse_seobj(input)?;
+        Ok((input, NormalPerm::new(op, source, target, class, perm)))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> SeObjectParser<'a> for XPerm<'a> {
+    fn parse(input: &'a str) -> IResult<&'a str, Self> {
+        let (input, op) = alt((
+            tag("allowxperm"),
+            tag("auditallowxperm"),
+            tag("dontauditxperm"),
+        ))
+        .parse(input)?;
+
+        let (input, _) = space0(input)?;
+        let (input, source) = parse_seobj(input)?;
+        let (input, _) = space0(input)?;
+        let (input, target) = parse_seobj(input)?;
+        let (input, _) = space0(input)?;
+        let (input, class) = parse_seobj(input)?;
+        let (input, _) = space0(input)?;
+        let (input, operation) = parse_single_word(input)?;
+        let (input, _) = space0(input)?;
+        let (input, perm_set) = parse_single_word(input)?;
+
+        Ok((
+            input,
+            XPerm::new(op, source, target, class, operation, perm_set),
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> SeObjectParser<'a> for TypeState<'a> {
+    fn parse(input: &'a str) -> IResult<&'a str, Self> {
+        let (input, op) = alt((tag("permissive"), tag("enforce"))).parse(input)?;
+
+        let (input, _) = space1(input)?;
+        let (input, stype) = parse_seobj_no_star(input)?;
+
+        Ok((input, TypeState::new(op, stype)))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> SeObjectParser<'a> for Type<'a> {
+    fn parse(input: &'a str) -> IResult<&'a str, Self> {
+        let (input, _) = tag("type")(input)?;
+        let (input, _) = space1(input)?;
+        let (input, name) = parse_single_word(input)?;
+
+        if input.is_empty() {
+            return Ok((input, Type::new(name, vec!["domain"]))); // default to domain
+        }
+
+        let (input, _) = space1(input)?;
+        let (input, attrs) = parse_seobj_no_star(input)?;
+
+        Ok((input, Type::new(name, attrs)))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> SeObjectParser<'a> for TypeAttr<'a> {
+    fn parse(input: &'a str) -> IResult<&'a str, Self> {
+        let (input, _) = alt((tag("typeattribute"), tag("attradd"))).parse(input)?;
+        let (input, _) = space1(input)?;
+        let (input, stype) = parse_seobj_no_star(input)?;
+        let (input, _) = space1(input)?;
+        let (input, attr) = parse_seobj_no_star(input)?;
+
+        Ok((input, TypeAttr::new(stype, attr)))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> SeObjectParser<'a> for Attr<'a> {
+    fn parse(input: &'a str) -> IResult<&'a str, Self> {
+        let (input, _) = tag("attribute")(input)?;
+        let (input, _) = space1(input)?;
+        let (input, attr) = parse_single_word(input)?;
+
+        Ok((input, Attr::new(attr)))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> SeObjectParser<'a> for TypeTransition<'a> {
+    fn parse(input: &'a str) -> IResult<&'a str, Self> {
+        let (input, _) = alt((tag("type_transition"), tag("name_transition"))).parse(input)?;
+        let (input, _) = space1(input)?;
+        let (input, source) = parse_single_word(input)?;
+        let (input, _) = space1(input)?;
+        let (input, target) = parse_single_word(input)?;
+        let (input, _) = space1(input)?;
+        let (input, class) = parse_single_word(input)?;
+        let (input, _) = space1(input)?;
+        let (input, default) = parse_single_word(input)?;
+
+        if input.is_empty() {
+            return Ok((
+                input,
+                TypeTransition::new(source, target, class, default, None),
+            ));
+        }
+
+        let (input, _) = space1(input)?;
+        let (input, object) = parse_single_word(input)?;
+
+        Ok((
+            input,
+            TypeTransition::new(source, target, class, default, Some(object)),
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> SeObjectParser<'a> for TypeChange<'a> {
+    fn parse(input: &'a str) -> IResult<&'a str, Self> {
+        let (input, op) = alt((tag("type_change"), tag("type_member"))).parse(input)?;
+        let (input, _) = space1(input)?;
+        let (input, source) = parse_single_word(input)?;
+        let (input, _) = space1(input)?;
+        let (input, target) = parse_single_word(input)?;
+        let (input, _) = space1(input)?;
+        let (input, class) = parse_single_word(input)?;
+        let (input, _) = space1(input)?;
+        let (input, default) = parse_single_word(input)?;
+
+        Ok((input, TypeChange::new(op, source, target, class, default)))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> SeObjectParser<'a> for GenFsCon<'a> {
+    fn parse(input: &'a str) -> IResult<&'a str, Self>
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        let (input, _) = tag("genfscon")(input)?;
+        let (input, _) = space1(input)?;
+        let (input, fs) = parse_single_word(input)?;
+        let (input, _) = space1(input)?;
+        let (input, path) = parse_single_word(input)?;
+        let (input, _) = space1(input)?;
+        let (input, context) = parse_single_word(input)?;
+        Ok((input, GenFsCon::new(fs, path, context)))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> PolicyStatement<'a> {
+    fn parse(input: &'a str) -> IResult<&'a str, Self> {
+        let (input, _) = space0(input)?;
+        let (input, statement) = alt((
+            map(NormalPerm::parse, PolicyStatement::NormalPerm),
+            map(XPerm::parse, PolicyStatement::XPerm),
+            map(TypeState::parse, PolicyStatement::TypeState),
+            map(Type::parse, PolicyStatement::Type),
+            map(TypeAttr::parse, PolicyStatement::TypeAttr),
+            map(Attr::parse, PolicyStatement::Attr),
+            map(TypeTransition::parse, PolicyStatement::TypeTransition),
+            map(TypeChange::parse, PolicyStatement::TypeChange),
+            map(GenFsCon::parse, PolicyStatement::GenFsCon),
+        ))
+        .parse(input)?;
+        let (input, _) = space0(input)?;
+        let (input, _) = take_while(|c| c == ';')(input)?;
+        let (input, _) = space0(input)?;
+        Ok((input, statement))
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_sepolicy<'a, 'b>(input: &'b str, strict: bool) -> Result<Vec<PolicyStatement<'a>>>
+where
+    'b: 'a,
+{
+    let mut statements = vec![];
+
+    for line in input.split(['\n', ';']) {
+        let trimmed_line = line.trim();
+        if trimmed_line.is_empty() || trimmed_line.starts_with('#') {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if let Ok((_, statement)) = PolicyStatement::parse(trimmed_line) {
+            statements.push(statement);
+        } else if strict {
+            bail!("Failed to parse policy statement: {}", line)
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(statements)
+}
+
+const SEPOLICY_MAX_LEN: usize = 128;
+
+const CMD_NORMAL_PERM: u32 = 1;
+const CMD_XPERM: u32 = 2;
+const CMD_TYPE_STATE: u32 = 3;
+const CMD_TYPE: u32 = 4;
+const CMD_TYPE_ATTR: u32 = 5;
+const CMD_ATTR: u32 = 6;
+const CMD_TYPE_TRANSITION: u32 = 7;
+const CMD_TYPE_CHANGE: u32 = 8;
+const CMD_GENFSCON: u32 = 9;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+enum PolicyObject {
+    All, // for "*", stand for all objects, and is NULL in ffi
+    One([u8; SEPOLICY_MAX_LEN]),
+    #[default]
+    None,
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<&str> for PolicyObject {
+    type Error = anyhow::Error;
+    fn try_from(s: &str) -> Result<Self> {
+        anyhow::ensure!(s.len() <= SEPOLICY_MAX_LEN, "policy object too long");
+        if s == "*" {
+            return Ok(PolicyObject::All);
+        }
+        let mut buf = [0u8; SEPOLICY_MAX_LEN];
+        buf[..s.len()].copy_from_slice(s.as_bytes());
+        Ok(PolicyObject::One(buf))
+    }
+}
+
+/// atomic statement, such as: allow domain1 domain2:file1 read;
+/// normal statement would be expand to atomic statement, for example:
+/// allow domain1 domain2:file1 { read write }; would be expand to two atomic statement
+/// allow domain1 domain2:file1 read;allow domain1 domain2:file1 write;
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+#[derive(Debug, new)]
+struct AtomicStatement {
+    cmd: u32,
+    subcmd: u32,
+    sepol1: PolicyObject,
+    sepol2: PolicyObject,
+    sepol3: PolicyObject,
+    sepol4: PolicyObject,
+    sepol5: PolicyObject,
+    sepol6: PolicyObject,
+    sepol7: PolicyObject,
+}
+
+impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a NormalPerm<'a>> for Vec<AtomicStatement> {
+    type Error = anyhow::Error;
+    fn try_from(perm: &'a NormalPerm<'a>) -> Result<Self> {
+        let mut result = vec![];
+        let subcmd = match perm.op {
+            "allow" => 1,
+            "deny" => 2,
+            "auditallow" => 3,
+            "dontaudit" => 4,
+            _ => 0,
+        };
+        for &s in &perm.source {
+            for &t in &perm.target {
+                for &c in &perm.class {
+                    for &p in &perm.perm {
+                        result.push(AtomicStatement {
+                            cmd: CMD_NORMAL_PERM,
+                            subcmd,
+                            sepol1: s.try_into()?,
+                            sepol2: t.try_into()?,
+                            sepol3: c.try_into()?,
+                            sepol4: p.try_into()?,
+                            sepol5: PolicyObject::None,
+                            sepol6: PolicyObject::None,
+                            sepol7: PolicyObject::None,
+                        });
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a XPerm<'a>> for Vec<AtomicStatement> {
+    type Error = anyhow::Error;
+    fn try_from(perm: &'a XPerm<'a>) -> Result<Self> {
+        let mut result = vec![];
+        let subcmd = match perm.op {
+            "allowxperm" => 1,
+            "auditallowxperm" => 2,
+            "dontauditxperm" => 3,
+            _ => 0,
+        };
+        for &s in &perm.source {
+            for &t in &perm.target {
+                for &c in &perm.class {
+                    result.push(AtomicStatement {
+                        cmd: CMD_XPERM,
+                        subcmd,
+                        sepol1: s.try_into()?,
+                        sepol2: t.try_into()?,
+                        sepol3: c.try_into()?,
+                        sepol4: perm.operation.try_into()?,
+                        sepol5: perm.perm_set.try_into()?,
+                        sepol6: PolicyObject::None,
+                        sepol7: PolicyObject::None,
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a TypeState<'a>> for Vec<AtomicStatement> {
+    type Error = anyhow::Error;
+    fn try_from(perm: &'a TypeState<'a>) -> Result<Self> {
+        let mut result = vec![];
+        let subcmd = match perm.op {
+            "permissive" => 1,
+            "enforcing" => 2,
+            _ => 0,
+        };
+        for &t in &perm.stype {
+            result.push(AtomicStatement {
+                cmd: CMD_TYPE_STATE,
+                subcmd,
+                sepol1: t.try_into()?,
+                sepol2: PolicyObject::None,
+                sepol3: PolicyObject::None,
+                sepol4: PolicyObject::None,
+                sepol5: PolicyObject::None,
+                sepol6: PolicyObject::None,
+                sepol7: PolicyObject::None,
+            });
+        }
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a Type<'a>> for Vec<AtomicStatement> {
+    type Error = anyhow::Error;
+    fn try_from(perm: &'a Type<'a>) -> Result<Self> {
+        let mut result = vec![];
+        for &attr in &perm.attrs {
+            result.push(AtomicStatement {
+                cmd: CMD_TYPE,
+                subcmd: 0,
+                sepol1: perm.name.try_into()?,
+                sepol2: attr.try_into()?,
+                sepol3: PolicyObject::None,
+                sepol4: PolicyObject::None,
+                sepol5: PolicyObject::None,
+                sepol6: PolicyObject::None,
+                sepol7: PolicyObject::None,
+            });
+        }
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a TypeAttr<'a>> for Vec<AtomicStatement> {
+    type Error = anyhow::Error;
+    fn try_from(perm: &'a TypeAttr<'a>) -> Result<Self> {
+        let mut result = vec![];
+        for &t in &perm.stype {
+            for &attr in &perm.sattr {
+                result.push(AtomicStatement {
+                    cmd: CMD_TYPE_ATTR,
+                    subcmd: 0,
+                    sepol1: t.try_into()?,
+                    sepol2: attr.try_into()?,
+                    sepol3: PolicyObject::None,
+                    sepol4: PolicyObject::None,
+                    sepol5: PolicyObject::None,
+                    sepol6: PolicyObject::None,
+                    sepol7: PolicyObject::None,
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a Attr<'a>> for Vec<AtomicStatement> {
+    type Error = anyhow::Error;
+    fn try_from(perm: &'a Attr<'a>) -> Result<Self> {
+        let result = vec![AtomicStatement {
+            cmd: CMD_ATTR,
+            subcmd: 0,
+            sepol1: perm.name.try_into()?,
+            sepol2: PolicyObject::None,
+            sepol3: PolicyObject::None,
+            sepol4: PolicyObject::None,
+            sepol5: PolicyObject::None,
+            sepol6: PolicyObject::None,
+            sepol7: PolicyObject::None,
+        }];
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a TypeTransition<'a>> for Vec<AtomicStatement> {
+    type Error = anyhow::Error;
+    fn try_from(perm: &'a TypeTransition<'a>) -> Result<Self> {
+        let mut result = vec![];
+        let obj = match perm.object_name {
+            Some(obj) => obj.try_into()?,
+            None => PolicyObject::None,
+        };
+        result.push(AtomicStatement {
+            cmd: CMD_TYPE_TRANSITION,
+            subcmd: 0,
+            sepol1: perm.source.try_into()?,
+            sepol2: perm.target.try_into()?,
+            sepol3: perm.class.try_into()?,
+            sepol4: perm.default_type.try_into()?,
+            sepol5: obj,
+            sepol6: PolicyObject::None,
+            sepol7: PolicyObject::None,
+        });
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a TypeChange<'a>> for Vec<AtomicStatement> {
+    type Error = anyhow::Error;
+    fn try_from(perm: &'a TypeChange<'a>) -> Result<Self> {
+        let mut result = vec![];
+        let subcmd = match perm.op {
+            "type_change" => 1,
+            "type_member" => 2,
+            _ => 0,
+        };
+        result.push(AtomicStatement {
+            cmd: CMD_TYPE_CHANGE,
+            subcmd,
+            sepol1: perm.source.try_into()?,
+            sepol2: perm.target.try_into()?,
+            sepol3: perm.class.try_into()?,
+            sepol4: perm.default_type.try_into()?,
+            sepol5: PolicyObject::None,
+            sepol6: PolicyObject::None,
+            sepol7: PolicyObject::None,
+        });
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a GenFsCon<'a>> for Vec<AtomicStatement> {
+    type Error = anyhow::Error;
+    fn try_from(perm: &'a GenFsCon<'a>) -> Result<Self> {
+        let result = vec![AtomicStatement {
+            cmd: CMD_GENFSCON,
+            subcmd: 0,
+            sepol1: perm.fs_name.try_into()?,
+            sepol2: perm.partial_path.try_into()?,
+            sepol3: perm.fs_context.try_into()?,
+            sepol4: PolicyObject::None,
+            sepol5: PolicyObject::None,
+            sepol6: PolicyObject::None,
+            sepol7: PolicyObject::None,
+        }];
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a PolicyStatement<'a>> for Vec<AtomicStatement> {
+    type Error = anyhow::Error;
+    fn try_from(value: &'a PolicyStatement) -> Result<Self> {
+        match value {
+            PolicyStatement::NormalPerm(perm) => perm.try_into(),
+            PolicyStatement::XPerm(perm) => perm.try_into(),
+            PolicyStatement::TypeState(perm) => perm.try_into(),
+            PolicyStatement::Type(perm) => perm.try_into(),
+            PolicyStatement::TypeAttr(perm) => perm.try_into(),
+            PolicyStatement::Attr(perm) => perm.try_into(),
+            PolicyStatement::TypeTransition(perm) => perm.try_into(),
+            PolicyStatement::TypeChange(perm) => perm.try_into(),
+            PolicyStatement::GenFsCon(perm) => perm.try_into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///  for C FFI to call kernel interface
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[repr(C)]
+struct FfiPolicy {
+    cmd: u32,
+    subcmd: u32,
+    sepol1: *const ffi::c_char,
+    sepol2: *const ffi::c_char,
+    sepol3: *const ffi::c_char,
+    sepol4: *const ffi::c_char,
+    sepol5: *const ffi::c_char,
+    sepol6: *const ffi::c_char,
+    sepol7: *const ffi::c_char,
+}
+
+fn to_c_ptr(pol: &PolicyObject) -> *const ffi::c_char {
+    match pol {
+        PolicyObject::None | PolicyObject::All => std::ptr::null(),
+        PolicyObject::One(s) => s.as_ptr().cast::<ffi::c_char>(),
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<AtomicStatement> for FfiPolicy {
+    fn from(policy: AtomicStatement) -> FfiPolicy {
+        FfiPolicy {
+            cmd: policy.cmd,
+            subcmd: policy.subcmd,
+            sepol1: to_c_ptr(&policy.sepol1),
+            sepol2: to_c_ptr(&policy.sepol2),
+            sepol3: to_c_ptr(&policy.sepol3),
+            sepol4: to_c_ptr(&policy.sepol4),
+            sepol5: to_c_ptr(&policy.sepol5),
+            sepol6: to_c_ptr(&policy.sepol6),
+            sepol7: to_c_ptr(&policy.sepol7),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+fn apply_one_rule<'a>(statement: &'a PolicyStatement<'a>, strict: bool) -> Result<()> {
+    let policies: Vec<AtomicStatement> = statement.try_into()?;
+
+    for policy in policies {
+        let ffi_policy = FfiPolicy::from(policy);
+        let cmd = crate::ksucalls::SetSepolicyCmd {
+            cmd: 0,
+            arg: &ffi_policy as *const _ as u64,
+        };
+        if let Err(e) = crate::ksucalls::set_sepolicy(&cmd) {
+            log::warn!("apply rule {:?} failed: {}", statement, e);
+            if strict {
+                return Err(anyhow::anyhow!("apply rule {:?} failed: {}", statement, e));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android")))]
+fn apply_one_rule<'a>(_statement: &'a PolicyStatement<'a>, _strict: bool) -> Result<()> {
+    unimplemented!()
+}
+
+pub fn live_patch(policy: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    let result = parse_sepolicy(policy.trim(), false)?;
+    for statement in result {
+        println!("{statement:?}");
+        apply_one_rule(&statement, false)?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn apply_file<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> Result<()> {
+    let input = std::fs::read_to_string(path)?;
+    live_patch(&input)
+}
+
+pub fn check_rule(policy: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    let path = Path::new(policy);
+    let policy = if path.exists() {
+        std::fs::read_to_string(path)?
+    } else {
+        policy.to_string()
+    };
+    parse_sepolicy(policy.trim(), true)?;
+    Ok(())
+}

userspace/ksud/src/su.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+use crate::{
+    defs,
+    utils::{self, umask},
+};
+use anyhow::{Context, Ok, Result, bail};
+use getopts::Options;
+use libc::c_int;
+use log::{error, warn};
+#[cfg(unix)]
+use std::os::unix::process::CommandExt;
+use std::{env, ffi::CStr, path::PathBuf, process::Command};
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+use crate::ksucalls::get_wrapped_fd;
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+use rustix::{
+    process::getuid,
+    thread::{Gid, Uid, set_thread_res_gid, set_thread_res_uid},
+};
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+pub fn grant_root(global_mnt: bool) -> Result<()> {
+    crate::ksucalls::grant_root()?;
+
+    let mut command = Command::new("sh");
+    let command = unsafe {
+        command.pre_exec(move || {
+            if global_mnt {
+                let _ = utils::switch_mnt_ns(1);
+            }
+            Result::Ok(())
+        })
+    };
+    // add /data/adb/ksu/bin to PATH
+    #[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+    add_path_to_env(defs::BINARY_DIR)?;
+    Err(command.exec().into())
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android")))]
+pub fn grant_root(_global_mnt: bool) -> Result<()> {
+    unimplemented!("grant_root is only available on android");
+}
+
+fn print_usage(program: &str, opts: Options) {
+    let brief = format!("KernelSU\n\nUsage: {program} [options] [-] [user [argument...]]");
+    print!("{}", opts.usage(&brief));
+}
+
+fn set_identity(uid: u32, gid: u32, groups: &[u32]) {
+    #[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+    {
+        rustix::thread::set_thread_groups(
+            groups
+                .iter()
+                .map(|g| unsafe { Gid::from_raw(*g) })
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                .as_ref(),
+        )
+        .ok();
+        let gid = unsafe { Gid::from_raw(gid) };
+        let uid = unsafe { Uid::from_raw(uid) };
+        set_thread_res_gid(gid, gid, gid).ok();
+        set_thread_res_uid(uid, uid, uid).ok();
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+fn wrap_tty(fd: c_int) {
+    let inner_fn = move || -> Result<()> {
+        if unsafe { libc::isatty(fd) != 1 } {
+            warn!("not a tty: {fd}");
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        let new_fd = get_wrapped_fd(fd).context("get_wrapped_fd")?;
+        if unsafe { libc::dup2(new_fd, fd) } == -1 {
+            bail!("dup {new_fd} -> {fd} errno: {}", unsafe {
+                *libc::__errno()
+            });
+        } else {
+            unsafe { libc::close(new_fd) };
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    };
+
+    if let Err(e) = inner_fn() {
+        error!("wrap tty {fd}: {e:?}");
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android")))]
+pub fn root_shell() -> Result<()> {
+    unimplemented!()
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+pub fn root_shell() -> Result<()> {
+    // we are root now, this was set in kernel!
+
+    use anyhow::anyhow;
+    let env_args: Vec<String> = env::args().collect();
+    let program = env_args[0].clone();
+    let args = env_args
+        .iter()
+        .position(|arg| arg == "-c")
+        .map(|i| {
+            let rest = env_args[i + 1..].to_vec();
+            let mut new_args = env_args[..i].to_vec();
+            new_args.push("-c".to_string());
+            if !rest.is_empty() {
+                new_args.push(rest.join(" "));
+            }
+            new_args
+        })
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| env_args.clone());
+
+    let mut opts = Options::new();
+    opts.optopt(
+        "c",
+        "command",
+        "pass COMMAND to the invoked shell",
+        "COMMAND",
+    );
+    opts.optflag("h", "help", "display this help message and exit");
+    opts.optflag("l", "login", "pretend the shell to be a login shell");
+    opts.optflag(
+        "p",
+        "preserve-environment",
+        "preserve the entire environment",
+    );
+    opts.optopt(
+        "s",
+        "shell",
+        "use SHELL instead of the default /system/bin/sh",
+        "SHELL",
+    );
+    opts.optflag("v", "version", "display version number and exit");
+    opts.optflag("V", "", "display version code and exit");
+    opts.optflag(
+        "M",
+        "mount-master",
+        "force run in the global mount namespace",
+    );
+    opts.optopt("g", "group", "Specify the primary group", "GROUP");
+    opts.optmulti(
+        "G",
+        "supp-group",
+        "Specify a supplementary group. The first specified supplementary group is also used as a primary group if the option -g is not specified.",
+        "GROUP",
+    );
+    opts.optflag("W", "no-wrapper", "don't use ksu fd wrapper");
+
+    // Replace -cn with -z, -mm with -M for supporting getopt_long
+    let args = args
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|e| {
+            if e == "-mm" {
+                "-M".to_string()
+            } else if e == "-cn" {
+                "-z".to_string()
+            } else {
+                e
+            }
+        })
+        .collect::<Vec<String>>();
+
+    let matches = match opts.parse(&args[1..]) {
+        Result::Ok(m) => m,
+        Err(f) => {
+            println!("{f}");
+            print_usage(&program, opts);
+            std::process::exit(-1);
+        }
+    };
+
+    if matches.opt_present("h") {
+        print_usage(&program, opts);
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    if matches.opt_present("v") {
+        println!("{}:KernelSU", defs::VERSION_NAME);
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    if matches.opt_present("V") {
+        println!("{}", defs::VERSION_CODE);
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    let shell = matches.opt_str("s").unwrap_or("/system/bin/sh".to_string());
+    let mut is_login = matches.opt_present("l");
+    let preserve_env = matches.opt_present("p");
+    let mount_master = matches.opt_present("M");
+    let use_fd_wrapper = !matches.opt_present("W");
+
+    let groups = matches
+        .opt_strs("G")
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|g| g.parse::<u32>().map_err(|_| anyhow!("Invalid GID: {}", g)))
+        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+    // if -g provided, use it.
+    let mut gid = matches
+        .opt_str("g")
+        .map(|g| g.parse::<u32>().map_err(|_| anyhow!("Invalid GID: {}", g)))
+        .transpose()?;
+
+    // otherwise, use the first gid of groups.
+    if gid.is_none() && !groups.is_empty() {
+        gid = Some(groups[0]);
+    }
+
+    // we've make sure that -c is the last option and it already contains the whole command, no need to construct it again
+    let args = matches
+        .opt_str("c")
+        .map(|cmd| vec!["-c".to_string(), cmd])
+        .unwrap_or_default();
+
+    let mut free_idx = 0;
+    if !matches.free.is_empty() && matches.free[free_idx] == "-" {
+        is_login = true;
+        free_idx += 1;
+    }
+
+    // use current uid if no user specified, these has been done in kernel!
+    let mut uid = getuid().as_raw();
+    if free_idx < matches.free.len() {
+        let name = &matches.free[free_idx];
+        uid = unsafe {
+            #[cfg(any(target_arch = "aarch64", target_arch = "arm"))]
+            let pw = libc::getpwnam(name.as_ptr()).as_ref();
+            #[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")]
+            let pw = libc::getpwnam(name.as_ptr() as *const i8).as_ref();
+
+            match pw {
+                Some(pw) => pw.pw_uid,
+                None => name.parse::<u32>().unwrap_or(0),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // if there is no gid provided, use uid.
+    let gid = gid.unwrap_or(uid);
+    // https://github.com/topjohnwu/Magisk/blob/master/native/src/su/su_daemon.cpp#L408
+    let arg0 = if is_login { "-" } else { &shell };
+
+    let mut command = &mut Command::new(&shell);
+
+    if !preserve_env {
+        // This is actually incorrect, i don't know why.
+        // command = command.env_clear();
+
+        let pw = unsafe { libc::getpwuid(uid).as_ref() };
+
+        if let Some(pw) = pw {
+            let home = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(pw.pw_dir) };
+            let pw_name = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(pw.pw_name) };
+
+            let home = home.to_string_lossy();
+            let pw_name = pw_name.to_string_lossy();
+
+            command = command
+                .env("HOME", home.as_ref())
+                .env("USER", pw_name.as_ref())
+                .env("LOGNAME", pw_name.as_ref())
+                .env("SHELL", &shell);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // add /data/adb/ksu/bin to PATH
+    #[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+    add_path_to_env(defs::BINARY_DIR)?;
+
+    // when KSURC_PATH exists and ENV is not set, set ENV to KSURC_PATH
+    if PathBuf::from(defs::KSURC_PATH).exists() && env::var("ENV").is_err() {
+        command = command.env("ENV", defs::KSURC_PATH);
+    }
+
+    // escape from the current cgroup and become session leader
+    // WARNING!!! This cause some root shell hang forever!
+    // command = command.process_group(0);
+    command = unsafe {
+        command.pre_exec(move || {
+            umask(0o22);
+            utils::switch_cgroups();
+
+            // switch to global mount namespace
+            #[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+            if mount_master {
+                let _ = utils::switch_mnt_ns(1);
+            }
+
+            #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+            if use_fd_wrapper {
+                wrap_tty(0);
+                wrap_tty(1);
+                wrap_tty(2);
+            }
+
+            set_identity(uid, gid, &groups);
+
+            Result::Ok(())
+        })
+    };
+
+    command = command.args(args).arg0(arg0);
+    Err(command.exec().into())
+}
+
+fn add_path_to_env(path: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    let mut paths =
+        env::var_os("PATH").map_or(Vec::new(), |val| env::split_paths(&val).collect::<Vec<_>>());
+    let new_path = PathBuf::from(path.trim_end_matches('/'));
+    paths.push(new_path);
+    let new_path_env = env::join_paths(paths)?;
+    unsafe { env::set_var("PATH", new_path_env) };
+    Ok(())
+}

userspace/ksud/src/uid_scanner.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+use std::{
+    fs,
+    io::Write,
+    os::unix::{
+        fs::{PermissionsExt, symlink},
+        process::CommandExt,
+    },
+    process::{Command, Stdio},
+};
+
+use anyhow::Result;
+use log::{info, warn};
+
+const SCANNER_PATH: &str = "/data/adb/uid_scanner";
+const LINK_DIR: &str = "/data/adb/ksu/bin";
+const LINK_PATH: &str = "/data/adb/ksu/bin/uid_scanner";
+const SERVICE_DIR: &str = "/data/adb/service.d";
+const SERVICE_PATH: &str = "/data/adb/service.d/uid_scanner.sh";
+
+pub fn start_uid_scanner_daemon() -> Result<()> {
+    if !fs::exists(SCANNER_PATH)? {
+        warn!("uid scanner binary not found at {}", SCANNER_PATH);
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    if let Err(e) = fs::set_permissions(SCANNER_PATH, fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o755)) {
+        warn!("failed to set permissions for {}: {}", SCANNER_PATH, e);
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    {
+        if let Err(e) = fs::create_dir_all(LINK_DIR) {
+            warn!("failed to create {}: {}", LINK_DIR, e);
+        } else if !fs::exists(LINK_PATH)? {
+            match symlink(SCANNER_PATH, LINK_PATH) {
+                Ok(_) => info!("created symlink {} -> {}", SCANNER_PATH, LINK_PATH),
+                Err(e) => warn!("failed to create symlink: {}", e),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if let Err(e) = fs::create_dir_all(SERVICE_DIR) {
+        warn!("failed to create {}: {}", SERVICE_DIR, e);
+    }
+
+    if !fs::exists(SERVICE_PATH)? {
+        let content = include_str!("uid_scanner.sh");
+
+        match fs::OpenOptions::new()
+            .write(true)
+            .create_new(true)
+            .open(SERVICE_PATH)
+            .and_then(|mut f| {
+                f.write_all(content.as_bytes())?;
+                f.sync_all()?;
+                fs::set_permissions(SERVICE_PATH, fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o755))
+            }) {
+            Ok(_) => info!("created service script {}", SERVICE_PATH),
+            Err(e) => warn!("failed to write {}: {}", SERVICE_PATH, e),
+        }
+    }
+
+    info!("starting uid scanner daemon with highest priority");
+    let mut cmd = Command::new(SCANNER_PATH);
+    cmd.arg("start")
+        .stdin(Stdio::null())
+        .stdout(Stdio::null())
+        .stderr(Stdio::null())
+        .current_dir("/");
+
+    unsafe {
+        cmd.pre_exec(|| {
+            libc::nice(-20);
+            libc::setsid();
+            Ok(())
+        });
+    }
+
+    match cmd.spawn() {
+        Ok(child) => {
+            info!("uid scanner daemon started with pid: {}", child.id());
+            std::mem::drop(child);
+        }
+        Err(e) => warn!("failed to start uid scanner daemon: {}", e),
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}

userspace/ksud/src/uid_scanner.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/system/bin/sh
+# KSU uid_scanner auto-restart script
+until [ -d "/sdcard/Android" ]; do sleep 1; done
+sleep 10
+/data/adb/uid_scanner restart

userspace/ksud/src/umount_manager.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+use anyhow::{Context, Result, anyhow};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fs;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+
+use crate::ksucalls::ksuctl;
+
+const MAGIC_NUMBER_HEADER: &[u8; 4] = b"KUMT";
+const MAGIC_VERSION: u32 = 1;
+const CONFIG_FILE: &str = "/data/adb/ksu/.umount";
+const KSU_IOCTL_UMOUNT_MANAGER: u32 = 0xc0004b6b; // _IOC(_IOC_READ|_IOC_WRITE, 'K', 107, 0)
+
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
+pub struct UmountEntry {
+    pub path: String,
+    pub flags: i32,
+    pub is_default: bool,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
+pub struct UmountConfig {
+    pub entries: Vec<UmountEntry>,
+}
+
+pub struct UmountManager {
+    config: UmountConfig,
+    config_path: PathBuf,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+struct UmountManagerCmd {
+    pub operation: u32,
+    pub path: [u8; 256],
+    pub flags: i32,
+    pub count: u32,
+    pub entries_ptr: u64,
+}
+
+impl Default for UmountManagerCmd {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        UmountManagerCmd {
+            operation: 0,
+            path: [0; 256],
+            flags: 0,
+            count: 0,
+            entries_ptr: 0,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl UmountManager {
+    pub fn new(config_path: Option<PathBuf>) -> Result<Self> {
+        let path = config_path.unwrap_or_else(|| PathBuf::from(CONFIG_FILE));
+
+        let config = if path.exists() {
+            Self::load_config(&path)?
+        } else {
+            UmountConfig {
+                entries: Vec::new(),
+            }
+        };
+
+        Ok(UmountManager {
+            config,
+            config_path: path,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn load_config(path: &Path) -> Result<UmountConfig> {
+        let data = fs::read(path).context("Failed to read config file")?;
+
+        if data.len() < 8 {
+            return Err(anyhow!("Invalid config file: too small"));
+        }
+
+        let header = &data[0..4];
+        if header != MAGIC_NUMBER_HEADER {
+            return Err(anyhow!("Invalid config file: wrong magic number"));
+        }
+
+        let version = u32::from_le_bytes([data[4], data[5], data[6], data[7]]);
+        if version != MAGIC_VERSION {
+            return Err(anyhow!("Unsupported config version: {}", version));
+        }
+
+        let json_data = &data[8..];
+        let config: UmountConfig =
+            serde_json::from_slice(json_data).context("Failed to parse config JSON")?;
+
+        Ok(config)
+    }
+
+    pub fn save_config(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        let dir = self.config_path.parent().unwrap();
+        fs::create_dir_all(dir).context("Failed to create config directory")?;
+
+        let mut data = Vec::new();
+        data.extend_from_slice(MAGIC_NUMBER_HEADER);
+        data.extend_from_slice(&MAGIC_VERSION.to_le_bytes());
+
+        let json = serde_json::to_vec(&self.config).context("Failed to serialize config")?;
+        data.extend_from_slice(&json);
+
+        fs::write(&self.config_path, &data).context("Failed to write config file")?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_entry(&mut self, path: &str, flags: i32) -> Result<()> {
+        let exists = self.config.entries.iter().any(|e| e.path == path);
+        if exists {
+            return Err(anyhow!("Entry already exists: {}", path));
+        }
+
+        let entry = UmountEntry {
+            path: path.to_string(),
+            flags,
+            is_default: false,
+        };
+
+        self.config.entries.push(entry);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn remove_entry(&mut self, path: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        let before = self.config.entries.len();
+        self.config.entries.retain(|e| e.path != path);
+
+        if before == self.config.entries.len() {
+            return Err(anyhow!("Entry not found: {}", path));
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn list_entries(&self) -> Vec<UmountEntry> {
+        self.config.entries.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn clear_custom_entries(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.config.entries.retain(|e| e.is_default);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn apply_to_kernel(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        for entry in &self.config.entries {
+            Self::kernel_add_entry(entry)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn kernel_add_entry(entry: &UmountEntry) -> Result<()> {
+        let mut cmd = UmountManagerCmd {
+            operation: 0,
+            flags: entry.flags,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        let path_bytes = entry.path.as_bytes();
+        if path_bytes.len() >= cmd.path.len() {
+            return Err(anyhow!("Path too long: {}", entry.path));
+        }
+
+        cmd.path[..path_bytes.len()].copy_from_slice(path_bytes);
+
+        umount_manager_ioctl(&cmd).context(format!("Failed to add entry: {}", entry.path))?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn init_umount_manager() -> Result<UmountManager> {
+    let manager = UmountManager::new(None)?;
+
+    if !Path::new(CONFIG_FILE).exists() {
+        manager.save_config()?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(manager)
+}
+
+pub fn add_umount_path(path: &str, flags: i32) -> Result<()> {
+    let mut manager = init_umount_manager()?;
+    manager.add_entry(path, flags)?;
+    manager.save_config()?;
+    println!("✓ Added umount path: {}", path);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn remove_umount_path(path: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    let mut manager = init_umount_manager()?;
+    manager.remove_entry(path)?;
+    manager.save_config()?;
+    println!("✓ Removed umount path: {}", path);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn list_umount_paths() -> Result<()> {
+    let manager = init_umount_manager()?;
+    let entries = manager.list_entries();
+
+    if entries.is_empty() {
+        println!("No umount paths configured");
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    println!("{:<30} {:<8} {:<10}", "Path", "Flags", "Default");
+    println!("{}", "=".repeat(60));
+
+    for entry in entries {
+        println!(
+            "{:<30} {:<8} {:<10}",
+            entry.path,
+            entry.flags,
+            if entry.is_default { "Yes" } else { "No" }
+        );
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+fn umount_manager_ioctl(cmd: &UmountManagerCmd) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    let mut ioctl_cmd = *cmd;
+    ksuctl(KSU_IOCTL_UMOUNT_MANAGER, &mut ioctl_cmd as *mut _)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android")))]
+pub fn umount_manager_ioctl(_cmd: &UmountManagerCmd) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    Err(std::io::Error::from_raw_os_error(libc::ENOSYS))
+}
+
+pub fn clear_custom_paths() -> Result<()> {
+    let mut manager = init_umount_manager()?;
+    manager.clear_custom_entries()?;
+    manager.save_config()?;
+    println!("✓ Cleared all custom paths");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn save_umount_config() -> Result<()> {
+    let manager = init_umount_manager()?;
+    manager.save_config()?;
+    println!("✓ Configuration saved to: {}", CONFIG_FILE);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn load_and_apply_config() -> Result<()> {
+    let manager = init_umount_manager()?;
+    manager.apply_to_kernel()?;
+    println!("✓ Configuration applied to kernel");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn apply_config_to_kernel() -> Result<()> {
+    let manager = init_umount_manager()?;
+    manager.apply_to_kernel()?;
+    println!(
+        "✓ Applied {} entries to kernel",
+        manager.list_entries().len()
+    );
+    Ok(())
+}

userspace/ksud/src/utils.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+use anyhow::{Context, Error, Ok, Result, bail};
+use std::{
+    fs::{File, OpenOptions, create_dir_all, remove_file, write},
+    io::{
+        ErrorKind::{AlreadyExists, NotFound},
+        Write,
+    },
+    path::Path,
+    process::Command,
+};
+
+use crate::{assets, boot_patch, defs, ksucalls, module, restorecon};
+#[allow(unused_imports)]
+use std::fs::{Permissions, set_permissions};
+#[cfg(unix)]
+use std::os::unix::prelude::PermissionsExt;
+
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+use rustix::{
+    process,
+    thread::{LinkNameSpaceType, move_into_link_name_space},
+};
+
+pub fn ensure_clean_dir(dir: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<()> {
+    let path = dir.as_ref();
+    log::debug!("ensure_clean_dir: {}", path.display());
+    if path.exists() {
+        log::debug!("ensure_clean_dir: {} exists, remove it", path.display());
+        std::fs::remove_dir_all(path)?;
+    }
+    Ok(std::fs::create_dir_all(path)?)
+}
+
+pub fn ensure_file_exists<T: AsRef<Path>>(file: T) -> Result<()> {
+    match File::options().write(true).create_new(true).open(&file) {
+        std::result::Result::Ok(_) => Ok(()),
+        Err(err) => {
+            if err.kind() == AlreadyExists && file.as_ref().is_file() {
+                Ok(())
+            } else {
+                Err(Error::from(err))
+                    .with_context(|| format!("{} is not a regular file", file.as_ref().display()))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn ensure_dir_exists<T: AsRef<Path>>(dir: T) -> Result<()> {
+    let result = create_dir_all(&dir);
+    if dir.as_ref().is_dir() && result.is_ok() {
+        Ok(())
+    } else {
+        bail!("{} is not a regular directory", dir.as_ref().display())
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn ensure_binary<T: AsRef<Path>>(
+    path: T,
+    contents: &[u8],
+    ignore_if_exist: bool,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    if ignore_if_exist && path.as_ref().exists() {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    ensure_dir_exists(path.as_ref().parent().ok_or_else(|| {
+        anyhow::anyhow!(
+            "{} does not have parent directory",
+            path.as_ref().to_string_lossy()
+        )
+    })?)?;
+
+    if let Err(e) = remove_file(path.as_ref())
+        && e.kind() != NotFound
+    {
+        return Err(Error::from(e))
+            .with_context(|| format!("failed to unlink {}", path.as_ref().display()));
+    }
+
+    write(&path, contents)?;
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    set_permissions(&path, Permissions::from_mode(0o755))?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+pub fn getprop(prop: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    android_properties::getprop(prop).value()
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android")))]
+pub fn getprop(_prop: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    unimplemented!()
+}
+
+pub fn is_safe_mode() -> bool {
+    let safemode = getprop("persist.sys.safemode")
+        .filter(|prop| prop == "1")
+        .is_some()
+        || getprop("ro.sys.safemode")
+            .filter(|prop| prop == "1")
+            .is_some();
+    log::info!("safemode: {safemode}");
+    if safemode {
+        return true;
+    }
+    let safemode = ksucalls::check_kernel_safemode();
+    log::info!("kernel_safemode: {safemode}");
+    safemode
+}
+
+pub fn get_zip_uncompressed_size(zip_path: &str) -> Result<u64> {
+    let mut zip = zip::ZipArchive::new(std::fs::File::open(zip_path)?)?;
+    let total: u64 = (0..zip.len())
+        .map(|i| zip.by_index(i).unwrap().size())
+        .sum();
+    Ok(total)
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+pub fn switch_mnt_ns(pid: i32) -> Result<()> {
+    use rustix::{
+        fd::AsFd,
+        fs::{Mode, OFlags, open},
+    };
+    let path = format!("/proc/{pid}/ns/mnt");
+    let fd = open(path, OFlags::RDONLY, Mode::from_raw_mode(0))?;
+    let current_dir = std::env::current_dir();
+    move_into_link_name_space(fd.as_fd(), Some(LinkNameSpaceType::Mount))?;
+    if let std::result::Result::Ok(current_dir) = current_dir {
+        let _ = std::env::set_current_dir(current_dir);
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn switch_cgroup(grp: &str, pid: u32) {
+    let path = Path::new(grp).join("cgroup.procs");
+    if !path.exists() {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let fp = OpenOptions::new().append(true).open(path);
+    if let std::result::Result::Ok(mut fp) = fp {
+        let _ = write!(fp, "{pid}");
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn switch_cgroups() {
+    let pid = std::process::id();
+    switch_cgroup("/acct", pid);
+    switch_cgroup("/dev/cg2_bpf", pid);
+    switch_cgroup("/sys/fs/cgroup", pid);
+
+    if getprop("ro.config.per_app_memcg")
+        .filter(|prop| prop == "false")
+        .is_none()
+    {
+        switch_cgroup("/dev/memcg/apps", pid);
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+pub fn umask(mask: u32) {
+    process::umask(rustix::fs::Mode::from_raw_mode(mask));
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android")))]
+pub fn umask(_mask: u32) {
+    unimplemented!("umask is not supported on this platform")
+}
+
+pub fn has_magisk() -> bool {
+    which::which("magisk").is_ok()
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+fn link_ksud_to_bin() -> Result<()> {
+    let ksu_bin = PathBuf::from(defs::DAEMON_PATH);
+    let ksu_bin_link = PathBuf::from(defs::DAEMON_LINK_PATH);
+    if ksu_bin.exists() && !ksu_bin_link.exists() {
+        std::os::unix::fs::symlink(&ksu_bin, &ksu_bin_link)?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn install(magiskboot: Option<PathBuf>) -> Result<()> {
+    ensure_dir_exists(defs::ADB_DIR)?;
+    std::fs::copy(
+        std::env::current_exe().with_context(|| "Failed to get self exe path")?,
+        defs::DAEMON_PATH,
+    )?;
+    restorecon::lsetfilecon(defs::DAEMON_PATH, restorecon::ADB_CON)?;
+    // install binary assets
+    assets::ensure_binaries(false).with_context(|| "Failed to extract assets")?;
+
+    #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+    link_ksud_to_bin()?;
+
+    if let Some(magiskboot) = magiskboot {
+        ensure_dir_exists(defs::BINARY_DIR)?;
+        let _ = std::fs::copy(magiskboot, defs::MAGISKBOOT_PATH);
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn uninstall(magiskboot_path: Option<PathBuf>) -> Result<()> {
+    if Path::new(defs::MODULE_DIR).exists() {
+        println!("- Uninstall modules..");
+        module::uninstall_all_modules()?;
+        module::prune_modules()?;
+    }
+    println!("- Removing directories..");
+    std::fs::remove_dir_all(defs::WORKING_DIR).ok();
+    std::fs::remove_file(defs::DAEMON_PATH).ok();
+    std::fs::remove_dir_all(defs::MODULE_DIR).ok();
+    println!("- Restore boot image..");
+    boot_patch::restore(None, magiskboot_path, true)?;
+    println!("- Uninstall KernelSU manager..");
+    Command::new("pm")
+        .args(["uninstall", "com.sukisu.ultra"])
+        .spawn()?;
+    println!("- Rebooting in 5 seconds..");
+    std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(5));
+    Command::new("reboot").spawn()?;
+    Ok(())
+}

userspace/meta-overlayfs/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+/target
+/out
+Cargo.lock
+*.log

userspace/meta-overlayfs/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+[package]
+name = "meta-overlayfs"
+version = "1.0.0"
+edition = "2024"
+authors = ["KernelSU Developers"]
+description = "An implementation of a metamodule using OverlayFS for KernelSU"
+license = "GPL-3.0"
+
+[dependencies]
+anyhow = "1"
+log = "0.4"
+env_logger = { version = "0.11", default-features = false }
+hole-punch = { git = "https://github.com/tiann/hole-punch" }
+
+[target.'cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))'.dependencies]
+rustix = { git = "https://github.com/Kernel-SU/rustix.git", rev = "4a53fbc7cb7a07cabe87125cc21dbc27db316259", features = ["all-apis"] }
+procfs = "0.17"
+
+[profile.release]
+strip = true
+opt-level = "z"       # Minimize binary size
+lto = true            # Link-time optimization
+codegen-units = 1     # Maximum optimization
+panic = "abort"       # Reduce binary size

userspace/meta-overlayfs/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# meta-overlayfs
+
+Official overlayfs mount handler for KernelSU metamodules.
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+adb push meta-overlayfs-v1.0.0.zip /sdcard/
+adb shell su -c 'ksud module install /sdcard/meta-overlayfs-v1.0.0.zip'
+adb reboot
+```
+
+Or install via KernelSU Manager → Modules.
+
+**Note**: The metamodule is now installed as a regular module to `/data/adb/modules/meta-overlay/`, with a symlink created at `/data/adb/metamodule` pointing to it.
+
+## How It Works
+
+Uses dual-directory architecture for ext4 image support:
+
+- **Metadata**: `/data/adb/modules/` - Contains `module.prop`, `disable`, `skip_mount` markers
+- **Content**: `/data/adb/metamodule/mnt/` - Contains `system/`, `vendor/` etc. directories from ext4 images
+
+Scans metadata directory for enabled modules, then mounts their content directories as overlayfs layers.
+
+### Supported Partitions
+
+system, vendor, product, system_ext, odm, oem
+
+### Read-Write Layer
+
+Optional upperdir/workdir support via `/data/adb/modules/.rw/`:
+
+```bash
+mkdir -p /data/adb/modules/.rw/system/{upperdir,workdir}
+```
+
+## Environment Variables
+
+- `MODULE_METADATA_DIR` - Metadata location (default: `/data/adb/modules/`)
+- `MODULE_CONTENT_DIR` - Content location (default: `/data/adb/metamodule/mnt/`)
+- `RUST_LOG` - Log level (debug, info, warn, error)
+
+## Architecture
+
+Automatically selects aarch64 or x86_64 binary during installation (~500KB).
+
+## Building
+
+```bash
+./build.sh
+```
+
+Output: `target/meta-overlayfs-v1.0.0.zip`
+
+## License
+
+GPL-3.0

userspace/meta-overlayfs/build.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+
+# Configuration
+VERSION=$(grep '^version' Cargo.toml | head -1 | sed 's/.*"\(.*\)".*/\1/')
+OUTPUT_DIR="target"
+METAMODULE_DIR="metamodule"
+MODULE_OUTPUT_DIR="$OUTPUT_DIR/module"
+
+echo "=========================================="
+echo "Building meta-overlayfs v${VERSION}"
+echo "=========================================="
+
+# Detect build tool
+if command -v cross >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    BUILD_TOOL="cross"
+    echo "Using cross for compilation"
+else
+    BUILD_TOOL="cargo-ndk"
+    echo "Using cargo ndk for compilation"
+    if ! command -v cargo-ndk >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        echo "Error: Neither cross nor cargo-ndk found!"
+        echo "Please install one of them:"
+        echo "  - cross: cargo install cross"
+        echo "  - cargo-ndk: cargo install cargo-ndk"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+fi
+
+# Clean output directory
+echo "Cleaning output directory..."
+rm -rf "$OUTPUT_DIR"
+mkdir -p "$MODULE_OUTPUT_DIR"
+
+# Build for multiple architectures
+echo ""
+echo "Building for aarch64-linux-android..."
+if [ "$BUILD_TOOL" = "cross" ]; then
+    cross build --release --target aarch64-linux-android
+else
+    cargo ndk build -t arm64-v8a --release
+fi
+
+echo ""
+echo "Building for x86_64-linux-android..."
+if [ "$BUILD_TOOL" = "cross" ]; then
+    cross build --release --target x86_64-linux-android
+else
+    cargo ndk build -t x86_64 --release
+fi
+
+# Copy binaries
+echo ""
+echo "Copying binaries..."
+cp target/aarch64-linux-android/release/meta-overlayfs \
+   "$MODULE_OUTPUT_DIR/meta-overlayfs-aarch64"
+cp target/x86_64-linux-android/release/meta-overlayfs \
+   "$MODULE_OUTPUT_DIR/meta-overlayfs-x86_64"
+
+# Copy metamodule files
+echo "Copying metamodule files..."
+cp "$METAMODULE_DIR"/module.prop "$MODULE_OUTPUT_DIR/"
+cp "$METAMODULE_DIR"/*.sh "$MODULE_OUTPUT_DIR/"
+
+# Set permissions
+echo "Setting permissions..."
+chmod 755 "$MODULE_OUTPUT_DIR"/*.sh
+chmod 755 "$MODULE_OUTPUT_DIR"/meta-overlayfs-*
+
+# Display binary sizes
+echo ""
+echo "Binary sizes:"
+echo "  aarch64: $(du -h "$MODULE_OUTPUT_DIR"/meta-overlayfs-aarch64 | awk '{print $1}')"
+echo "  x86_64:  $(du -h "$MODULE_OUTPUT_DIR"/meta-overlayfs-x86_64 | awk '{print $1}')"
+
+# Package
+echo ""
+echo "Packaging..."
+cd "$MODULE_OUTPUT_DIR"
+ZIP_NAME="meta-overlayfs-v${VERSION}.zip"
+zip -r "../$ZIP_NAME" .
+cd ../..
+
+echo ""
+echo "=========================================="
+echo "Build completed successfully!"
+echo "Output: $OUTPUT_DIR/$ZIP_NAME"
+echo "=========================================="
+echo ""
+echo "To install:"
+echo "  adb push $OUTPUT_DIR/$ZIP_NAME /sdcard/"
+echo "  adb shell su -c 'ksud module install /sdcard/$ZIP_NAME'"

userspace/meta-overlayfs/metamodule/customize.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#!/system/bin/sh
+
+ui_print "- Detecting device architecture..."
+
+# Detect architecture using ro.product.cpu.abi
+ABI=$(grep_get_prop ro.product.cpu.abi)
+ui_print "- Detected ABI: $ABI"
+
+# Select the correct binary based on architecture
+case "$ABI" in
+    arm64-v8a)
+        ARCH_BINARY="meta-overlayfs-aarch64"
+        REMOVE_BINARY="meta-overlayfs-x86_64"
+        ui_print "- Selected architecture: ARM64"
+        ;;
+    x86_64)
+        ARCH_BINARY="meta-overlayfs-x86_64"
+        REMOVE_BINARY="meta-overlayfs-aarch64"
+        ui_print "- Selected architecture: x86_64"
+        ;;
+    *)
+        abort "! Unsupported architecture: $ABI"
+        ;;
+esac
+
+# Verify the selected binary exists
+if [ ! -f "$MODPATH/$ARCH_BINARY" ]; then
+    abort "! Binary not found: $ARCH_BINARY"
+fi
+
+ui_print "- Installing $ARCH_BINARY as meta-overlayfs"
+
+# Rename the selected binary to the generic name
+mv "$MODPATH/$ARCH_BINARY" "$MODPATH/meta-overlayfs" || abort "! Failed to rename binary"
+
+# Remove the unused binary
+rm -f "$MODPATH/$REMOVE_BINARY"
+
+# Ensure the binary is executable
+chmod 755 "$MODPATH/meta-overlayfs" || abort "! Failed to set permissions"
+
+ui_print "- Architecture-specific binary installed successfully"
+
+# Create ext4 image for module content storage
+IMG_FILE="$MODPATH/modules.img"
+IMG_SIZE_MB=2048
+EXISTING_IMG="/data/adb/modules/$MODID/modules.img"
+
+if [ -f "$EXISTING_IMG" ]; then
+    ui_print "- Reusing modules image from previous install"
+    "$MODPATH/meta-overlayfs" xcp "$EXISTING_IMG" "$IMG_FILE" || \
+        abort "! Failed to copy existing modules image"
+else
+    ui_print "- Creating 2GB ext4 image for module storage"
+
+    # Create sparse file (2GB logical size, 0 bytes actual)
+    truncate -s ${IMG_SIZE_MB}M "$IMG_FILE" || \
+        abort "! Failed to create image file"
+
+    # Format as ext4 with small journal (8MB) for safety with minimal overhead
+    /system/bin/mke2fs -t ext4 -J size=8 -F "$IMG_FILE" >/dev/null 2>&1 || \
+        abort "! Failed to format ext4 image"
+
+    ui_print "- Image created successfully (sparse file)"
+fi
+
+ui_print "- Installation complete"

userspace/meta-overlayfs/metamodule/metainstall.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#!/system/bin/sh
+############################################
+# meta-overlayfs metainstall.sh
+# Module installation hook for ext4 image support
+############################################
+
+# Constants
+IMG_FILE="/data/adb/metamodule/modules.img"
+MNT_DIR="/data/adb/metamodule/mnt"
+
+# Ensure ext4 image is mounted
+ensure_image_mounted() {
+    if ! mountpoint -q "$MNT_DIR" 2>/dev/null; then
+        ui_print "- Mounting modules image"
+        mkdir -p "$MNT_DIR"
+        mount -t ext4 -o loop,rw,noatime "$IMG_FILE" "$MNT_DIR" || {
+            abort "! Failed to mount modules image"
+        }
+        ui_print "- Image mounted successfully"
+    else
+        ui_print "- Image already mounted"
+    fi
+}
+
+# Determine whether this module should be moved into the ext4 image.
+# We only relocate payloads that expose system/ overlays and do not opt out via skip_mount.
+module_requires_overlay_move() {
+    if [ -f "$MODPATH/skip_mount" ]; then
+        ui_print "- skip_mount flag detected; keeping files under /data/adb/modules"
+        return 1
+    fi
+
+    if [ ! -d "$MODPATH/system" ]; then
+        ui_print "- No system/ directory detected; keeping files under /data/adb/modules"
+        return 1
+    fi
+
+    return 0
+}
+
+# Copy SELinux contexts from src tree to destination by mirroring each entry.
+copy_selinux_contexts() {
+    command -v chcon >/dev/null 2>&1 || return 0
+
+    SRC="$1"
+    DST="$2"
+
+    if [ -z "$SRC" ] || [ -z "$DST" ] || [ ! -e "$SRC" ] || [ ! -e "$DST" ]; then
+        return 0
+    fi
+
+    chcon --reference="$SRC" "$DST" 2>/dev/null || true
+
+    find "$SRC" -print | while IFS= read -r PATH_SRC; do
+        if [ "$PATH_SRC" = "$SRC" ]; then
+            continue
+        fi
+        REL_PATH="${PATH_SRC#"${SRC}/"}"
+        PATH_DST="$DST/$REL_PATH"
+        if [ -e "$PATH_DST" ] || [ -L "$PATH_DST" ]; then
+            chcon --reference="$PATH_SRC" "$PATH_DST" 2>/dev/null || true
+        fi
+    done
+}
+
+# Post-installation: move partition directories to ext4 image
+post_install_to_image() {
+    ui_print "- Copying module content to image"
+
+    set_perm_recursive "$MNT_DIR" 0 0 0755 0644
+
+    MOD_IMG_DIR="$MNT_DIR/$MODID"
+    mkdir -p "$MOD_IMG_DIR"
+
+    # Move all partition directories
+    for partition in system vendor product system_ext odm oem; do
+        if [ -d "$MODPATH/$partition" ]; then
+            ui_print "- Copying $partition/"
+            cp -af "$MODPATH/$partition" "$MOD_IMG_DIR/" || {
+                ui_print "! Warning: Failed to move $partition"
+                continue
+            }
+            copy_selinux_contexts "$MODPATH/$partition" "$MOD_IMG_DIR/$partition"
+        fi
+    done
+}
+
+ui_print "- Using meta-overlayfs metainstall"
+
+install_module
+
+if module_requires_overlay_move; then
+    ensure_image_mounted
+    post_install_to_image
+else
+    ui_print "- Skipping move to modules image"
+fi
+
+ui_print "- Installation complete"

userspace/meta-overlayfs/metamodule/metamount.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#!/system/bin/sh
+# meta-overlayfs Module Mount Handler
+# This script is the entry point for dual-directory module mounting
+
+MODDIR="${0%/*}"
+IMG_FILE="$MODDIR/modules.img"
+MNT_DIR="$MODDIR/mnt"
+
+# Log function
+log() {
+    echo "[meta-overlayfs] $1"
+}
+
+log "Starting module mount process"
+
+# Ensure ext4 image is mounted
+if ! mountpoint -q "$MNT_DIR" 2>/dev/null; then
+    log "Image not mounted, mounting now..."
+
+    # Check if image file exists
+    if [ ! -f "$IMG_FILE" ]; then
+        log "ERROR: Image file not found at $IMG_FILE"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    # Create mount point
+    mkdir -p "$MNT_DIR"
+
+    # Mount the ext4 image
+    mount -t ext4 -o loop,rw,noatime "$IMG_FILE" "$MNT_DIR" || {
+        log "ERROR: Failed to mount image"
+        exit 1
+    }
+    log "Image mounted successfully at $MNT_DIR"
+else
+    log "Image already mounted at $MNT_DIR"
+fi
+
+# Binary path (architecture-specific binary selected during installation)
+BINARY="$MODDIR/meta-overlayfs"
+
+if [ ! -f "$BINARY" ]; then
+    log "ERROR: Binary not found: $BINARY"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# Set dual-directory environment variables
+export MODULE_METADATA_DIR="/data/adb/modules"
+export MODULE_CONTENT_DIR="$MNT_DIR"
+
+log "Metadata directory: $MODULE_METADATA_DIR"
+log "Content directory: $MODULE_CONTENT_DIR"
+log "Executing $BINARY"
+
+# Execute the mount binary
+"$BINARY"
+EXIT_CODE=$?
+
+if [ $EXIT_CODE -ne 0 ]; then
+    log "Mount failed with exit code $EXIT_CODE"
+    exit $EXIT_CODE
+fi
+
+log "Mount completed successfully"
+exit 0

userspace/meta-overlayfs/metamodule/metauninstall.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/system/bin/sh
+############################################
+# mm-overlayfs metauninstall.sh
+# Module uninstallation hook for ext4 image cleanup
+############################################
+
+# Constants
+MNT_DIR="/data/adb/metamodule/mnt"
+
+if [ -z "$MODULE_ID" ]; then
+    echo "! Error: MODULE_ID not provided"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+echo "- Cleaning up module content from image: $MODULE_ID"
+
+# Check if image is mounted
+if ! mountpoint -q "$MNT_DIR" 2>/dev/null; then
+    echo "! Warning: Image not mounted, skipping cleanup"
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+# Remove module content from image
+MOD_IMG_DIR="$MNT_DIR/$MODULE_ID"
+if [ -d "$MOD_IMG_DIR" ]; then
+    echo "  Removing $MOD_IMG_DIR"
+    rm -rf "$MOD_IMG_DIR" || {
+        echo "! Warning: Failed to remove module content from image"
+    }
+    echo "- Module content removed from image"
+else
+    echo "- No module content found in image, skipping"
+fi
+
+exit 0

userspace/meta-overlayfs/metamodule/module.prop

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+id=meta-overlayfs
+metamodule=1
+name=OverlayFS MetaModule
+version=1.0.0
+versionCode=1
+author=KernelSU Developers
+description=An implementation of a metamodule using OverlayFS for KernelSU
+updateJson=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiann/KernelSU/main/userspace/meta-overlayfs/update.json

userspace/meta-overlayfs/metamodule/post-mount.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#!/system/bin/sh
+
+ksud kernel nuke-ext4-sysfs /data/adb/modules/meta-overlayfs/mnt

userspace/meta-overlayfs/metamodule/uninstall.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/system/bin/sh
+############################################
+# mm-overlayfs uninstall.sh
+# Cleanup script for metamodule removal
+############################################
+
+MODDIR="${0%/*}"
+MNT_DIR="$MODDIR/mnt"
+
+echo "- Uninstalling metamodule..."
+
+# Unmount the ext4 image if mounted
+if mountpoint -q "$MNT_DIR" 2>/dev/null; then
+    echo "- Unmounting image..."
+    umount "$MNT_DIR" 2>/dev/null || {
+        echo "- Warning: Failed to unmount cleanly"
+        umount -l "$MNT_DIR" 2>/dev/null
+    }
+    echo "- Image unmounted"
+fi
+
+echo "- Uninstall complete"
+
+exit 0

userspace/meta-overlayfs/src/defs.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Constants for KernelSU module mounting
+
+// Dual-directory support for ext4 image
+pub const MODULE_METADATA_DIR: &str = "/data/adb/modules/";
+pub const MODULE_CONTENT_DIR: &str = "/data/adb/metamodule/mnt/";
+
+// Legacy constant (for backwards compatibility)
+pub const _MODULE_DIR: &str = "/data/adb/modules/";
+
+// Status marker files
+pub const DISABLE_FILE_NAME: &str = "disable";
+pub const _REMOVE_FILE_NAME: &str = "remove";
+pub const SKIP_MOUNT_FILE_NAME: &str = "skip_mount";
+
+// System directories
+pub const SYSTEM_RW_DIR: &str = "/data/adb/modules/.rw/";
+pub const KSU_OVERLAY_SOURCE: &str = "KSU";

userspace/meta-overlayfs/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+use anyhow::Result;
+use log::info;
+
+mod defs;
+mod mount;
+mod xcp;
+
+fn main() -> Result<()> {
+    let args: Vec<String> = std::env::args().collect();
+    if matches!(args.get(1), Some(cmd) if cmd == "xcp") {
+        return xcp::run(&args[2..]);
+    }
+
+    // Initialize logger
+    env_logger::builder()
+        .filter_level(log::LevelFilter::Info)
+        .init();
+
+    info!("meta-overlayfs v{}", env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"));
+
+    // Dual-directory support: metadata + content
+    let metadata_dir = std::env::var("MODULE_METADATA_DIR")
+        .unwrap_or_else(|_| defs::MODULE_METADATA_DIR.to_string());
+    let content_dir = std::env::var("MODULE_CONTENT_DIR")
+        .unwrap_or_else(|_| defs::MODULE_CONTENT_DIR.to_string());
+
+    info!("Metadata directory: {}", metadata_dir);
+    info!("Content directory: {}", content_dir);
+
+    // Execute dual-directory mounting
+    mount::mount_modules_systemlessly(&metadata_dir, &content_dir)?;
+
+    info!("Mount completed successfully");
+    Ok(())
+}

userspace/meta-overlayfs/src/mount.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+// Overlayfs mounting implementation
+// Migrated from ksud/src/mount.rs and ksud/src/init_event.rs
+
+use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};
+use log::{info, warn};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+use procfs::process::Process;
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+use rustix::{fd::AsFd, fs::CWD, mount::*};
+
+use crate::defs::{DISABLE_FILE_NAME, KSU_OVERLAY_SOURCE, SKIP_MOUNT_FILE_NAME, SYSTEM_RW_DIR};
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+pub fn mount_overlayfs(
+    lower_dirs: &[String],
+    lowest: &str,
+    upperdir: Option<PathBuf>,
+    workdir: Option<PathBuf>,
+    dest: impl AsRef<Path>,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let lowerdir_config = lower_dirs
+        .iter()
+        .map(|s| s.as_ref())
+        .chain(std::iter::once(lowest))
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        .join(":");
+    info!(
+        "mount overlayfs on {:?}, lowerdir={}, upperdir={:?}, workdir={:?}",
+        dest.as_ref(),
+        lowerdir_config,
+        upperdir,
+        workdir
+    );
+
+    let upperdir = upperdir
+        .filter(|up| up.exists())
+        .map(|e| e.display().to_string());
+    let workdir = workdir
+        .filter(|wd| wd.exists())
+        .map(|e| e.display().to_string());
+
+    let result = (|| {
+        let fs = fsopen("overlay", FsOpenFlags::FSOPEN_CLOEXEC)?;
+        let fs = fs.as_fd();
+        fsconfig_set_string(fs, "lowerdir", &lowerdir_config)?;
+        if let (Some(upperdir), Some(workdir)) = (&upperdir, &workdir) {
+            fsconfig_set_string(fs, "upperdir", upperdir)?;
+            fsconfig_set_string(fs, "workdir", workdir)?;
+        }
+        fsconfig_set_string(fs, "source", KSU_OVERLAY_SOURCE)?;
+        fsconfig_create(fs)?;
+        let mount = fsmount(fs, FsMountFlags::FSMOUNT_CLOEXEC, MountAttrFlags::empty())?;
+        move_mount(
+            mount.as_fd(),
+            "",
+            CWD,
+            dest.as_ref(),
+            MoveMountFlags::MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH,
+        )
+    })();
+
+    if let Err(e) = result {
+        warn!("fsopen mount failed: {e:#}, fallback to mount");
+        let mut data = format!("lowerdir={lowerdir_config}");
+        if let (Some(upperdir), Some(workdir)) = (upperdir, workdir) {
+            data = format!("{data},upperdir={upperdir},workdir={workdir}");
+        }
+        mount(
+            KSU_OVERLAY_SOURCE,
+            dest.as_ref(),
+            "overlay",
+            MountFlags::empty(),
+            data,
+        )?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+pub fn bind_mount(from: impl AsRef<Path>, to: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<()> {
+    info!(
+        "bind mount {} -> {}",
+        from.as_ref().display(),
+        to.as_ref().display()
+    );
+    let tree = open_tree(
+        CWD,
+        from.as_ref(),
+        OpenTreeFlags::OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC
+            | OpenTreeFlags::OPEN_TREE_CLONE
+            | OpenTreeFlags::AT_RECURSIVE,
+    )?;
+    move_mount(
+        tree.as_fd(),
+        "",
+        CWD,
+        to.as_ref(),
+        MoveMountFlags::MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH,
+    )?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+fn mount_overlay_child(
+    mount_point: &str,
+    relative: &String,
+    module_roots: &Vec<String>,
+    stock_root: &String,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    if !module_roots
+        .iter()
+        .any(|lower| Path::new(&format!("{lower}{relative}")).exists())
+    {
+        return bind_mount(stock_root, mount_point);
+    }
+    if !Path::new(&stock_root).is_dir() {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+    let mut lower_dirs: Vec<String> = vec![];
+    for lower in module_roots {
+        let lower_dir = format!("{lower}{relative}");
+        let path = Path::new(&lower_dir);
+        if path.is_dir() {
+            lower_dirs.push(lower_dir);
+        } else if path.exists() {
+            // stock root has been blocked by this file
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+    }
+    if lower_dirs.is_empty() {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+    // merge modules and stock
+    if let Err(e) = mount_overlayfs(&lower_dirs, stock_root, None, None, mount_point) {
+        warn!("failed: {e:#}, fallback to bind mount");
+        bind_mount(stock_root, mount_point)?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+pub fn mount_overlay(
+    root: &String,
+    module_roots: &Vec<String>,
+    workdir: Option<PathBuf>,
+    upperdir: Option<PathBuf>,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    info!("mount overlay for {root}");
+    std::env::set_current_dir(root).with_context(|| format!("failed to chdir to {root}"))?;
+    let stock_root = ".";
+
+    // collect child mounts before mounting the root
+    let mounts = Process::myself()?
+        .mountinfo()
+        .with_context(|| "get mountinfo")?;
+    let mut mount_seq = mounts
+        .0
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|m| {
+            m.mount_point.starts_with(root) && !Path::new(&root).starts_with(&m.mount_point)
+        })
+        .map(|m| m.mount_point.to_str())
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    mount_seq.sort();
+    mount_seq.dedup();
+
+    mount_overlayfs(module_roots, root, upperdir, workdir, root)
+        .with_context(|| "mount overlayfs for root failed")?;
+    for mount_point in mount_seq.iter() {
+        let Some(mount_point) = mount_point else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        let relative = mount_point.replacen(root, "", 1);
+        let stock_root: String = format!("{stock_root}{relative}");
+        if !Path::new(&stock_root).exists() {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if let Err(e) = mount_overlay_child(mount_point, &relative, module_roots, &stock_root) {
+            warn!("failed to mount overlay for child {mount_point}: {e:#}, revert");
+            umount_dir(root).with_context(|| format!("failed to revert {root}"))?;
+            bail!(e);
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+pub fn umount_dir(src: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<()> {
+    unmount(src.as_ref(), UnmountFlags::empty())
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to umount {}", src.as_ref().display()))?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android")))]
+pub fn mount_overlay(
+    _root: &String,
+    _module_roots: &Vec<String>,
+    _workdir: Option<PathBuf>,
+    _upperdir: Option<PathBuf>,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    unimplemented!("mount_overlay is only supported on Linux/Android")
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android")))]
+pub fn mount_overlayfs(
+    _lower_dirs: &[String],
+    _lowest: &str,
+    _upperdir: Option<PathBuf>,
+    _workdir: Option<PathBuf>,
+    _dest: impl AsRef<Path>,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    unimplemented!("mount_overlayfs is only supported on Linux/Android")
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android")))]
+pub fn bind_mount(_from: impl AsRef<Path>, _to: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<()> {
+    unimplemented!("bind_mount is only supported on Linux/Android")
+}
+
+// ========== Mount coordination logic (from init_event.rs) ==========
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+fn mount_partition(partition_name: &str, lowerdir: &Vec<String>) -> Result<()> {
+    if lowerdir.is_empty() {
+        warn!("partition: {partition_name} lowerdir is empty");
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    let partition = format!("/{partition_name}");
+
+    // if /partition is a symlink and linked to /system/partition, then we don't need to overlay it separately
+    if Path::new(&partition).read_link().is_ok() {
+        warn!("partition: {partition} is a symlink");
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    let mut workdir = None;
+    let mut upperdir = None;
+    let system_rw_dir = Path::new(SYSTEM_RW_DIR);
+    if system_rw_dir.exists() {
+        workdir = Some(system_rw_dir.join(partition_name).join("workdir"));
+        upperdir = Some(system_rw_dir.join(partition_name).join("upperdir"));
+    }
+
+    mount_overlay(&partition, lowerdir, workdir, upperdir)
+}
+
+/// Collect enabled module IDs from metadata directory
+///
+/// Reads module list and status from metadata directory, returns enabled module IDs
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+fn collect_enabled_modules(metadata_dir: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
+    let dir = std::fs::read_dir(metadata_dir)
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to read metadata directory: {}", metadata_dir))?;
+
+    let mut enabled = Vec::new();
+
+    for entry in dir.flatten() {
+        let path = entry.path();
+        if !path.is_dir() {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let module_id = match entry.file_name().to_str() {
+            Some(id) => id.to_string(),
+            None => continue,
+        };
+
+        // Check status markers
+        if path.join(DISABLE_FILE_NAME).exists() {
+            info!("Module {} is disabled, skipping", module_id);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if path.join(SKIP_MOUNT_FILE_NAME).exists() {
+            info!("Module {} has skip_mount, skipping", module_id);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Optional: verify module.prop exists
+        if !path.join("module.prop").exists() {
+            warn!("Module {} has no module.prop, skipping", module_id);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        info!("Module {} enabled", module_id);
+        enabled.push(module_id);
+    }
+
+    Ok(enabled)
+}
+
+/// Dual-directory version of mount_modules_systemlessly
+///
+/// Parameters:
+/// - metadata_dir: Metadata directory, stores module.prop, disable, skip_mount, etc.
+/// - content_dir: Content directory, stores system/, vendor/ and other partition content (ext4 image mount point)
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+pub fn mount_modules_systemlessly(metadata_dir: &str, content_dir: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    info!("Scanning modules (dual-directory mode)");
+    info!("  Metadata: {}", metadata_dir);
+    info!("  Content: {}", content_dir);
+
+    // 1. Traverse metadata directory, collect enabled module IDs
+    let enabled_modules = collect_enabled_modules(metadata_dir)?;
+
+    if enabled_modules.is_empty() {
+        info!("No enabled modules found");
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    info!("Found {} enabled module(s)", enabled_modules.len());
+
+    // 2. Initialize partition lowerdir lists
+    let partition = vec!["vendor", "product", "system_ext", "odm", "oem"];
+    let mut system_lowerdir: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
+    let mut partition_lowerdir: HashMap<String, Vec<String>> = HashMap::new();
+
+    for part in &partition {
+        partition_lowerdir.insert((*part).to_string(), Vec::new());
+    }
+
+    // 3. Read module content from content directory
+    for module_id in &enabled_modules {
+        let module_content_path = Path::new(content_dir).join(module_id);
+
+        if !module_content_path.exists() {
+            warn!("Module {} has no content directory, skipping", module_id);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        info!("Processing module: {}", module_id);
+
+        // Collect system partition
+        let system_path = module_content_path.join("system");
+        if system_path.is_dir() {
+            system_lowerdir.push(system_path.display().to_string());
+            info!("  + system/");
+        }
+
+        // Collect other partitions
+        for part in &partition {
+            let part_path = module_content_path.join(part);
+            if part_path.is_dir()
+                && let Some(v) = partition_lowerdir.get_mut(*part)
+            {
+                v.push(part_path.display().to_string());
+                info!("  + {}/", part);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // 4. Mount partitions
+    info!("Mounting partitions...");
+
+    if let Err(e) = mount_partition("system", &system_lowerdir) {
+        warn!("mount system failed: {e:#}");
+    }
+
+    for (k, v) in partition_lowerdir {
+        if let Err(e) = mount_partition(&k, &v) {
+            warn!("mount {k} failed: {e:#}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    info!("All partitions processed");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android")))]
+pub fn mount_modules_systemlessly(_metadata_dir: &str, _content_dir: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    unimplemented!("mount_modules_systemlessly is only supported on Linux/Android")
+}

userspace/meta-overlayfs/src/xcp.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+use anyhow::{bail, Context, Result};
+use hole_punch::*;
+use std::{
+    fs::{File, OpenOptions},
+    io::{Read, Seek, SeekFrom, Write},
+    path::Path,
+};
+
+/// Handle the `xcp` command: copy sparse file with optional hole punching.
+pub fn run(args: &[String]) -> Result<()> {
+    let mut positional: Vec<&str> = Vec::with_capacity(2);
+    let mut punch_hole = false;
+
+    for arg in args {
+        match arg.as_str() {
+            "--punch-hole" => punch_hole = true,
+            "-h" | "--help" => {
+                print_usage();
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+            _ => positional.push(arg),
+        }
+    }
+
+    if positional.len() < 2 {
+        print_usage();
+        bail!("xcp requires source and destination paths");
+    }
+    if positional.len() > 2 {
+        bail!("unexpected argument: {}", positional[2]);
+    }
+
+    copy_sparse_file(positional[0], positional[1], punch_hole)
+}
+
+fn print_usage() {
+    eprintln!("Usage: meta-overlayfs xcp <src> <dst> [--punch-hole]");
+}
+
+// TODO: use libxcp to improve the speed if cross's MSRV is 1.70
+pub fn copy_sparse_file<P: AsRef<Path>, Q: AsRef<Path>>(
+    src: P,
+    dst: Q,
+    punch_hole: bool,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let mut src_file = File::open(src.as_ref())
+        .with_context(|| format!("failed to open {}", src.as_ref().display()))?;
+    let mut dst_file = OpenOptions::new()
+        .write(true)
+        .create(true)
+        .truncate(true)
+        .open(dst.as_ref())
+        .with_context(|| format!("failed to open {}", dst.as_ref().display()))?;
+
+    dst_file.set_len(src_file.metadata()?.len())?;
+
+    let segments = src_file.scan_chunks()?;
+    for segment in segments {
+        if let SegmentType::Data = segment.segment_type {
+            let start = segment.start;
+            let end = segment.end + 1;
+
+            src_file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(start))?;
+            dst_file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(start))?;
+
+            let mut buffer = [0; 4096];
+            let mut total_bytes_copied = 0;
+
+            while total_bytes_copied < end - start {
+                let bytes_to_read =
+                    std::cmp::min(buffer.len() as u64, end - start - total_bytes_copied);
+                let bytes_read = src_file.read(&mut buffer[..bytes_to_read as usize])?;
+
+                if bytes_read == 0 {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                if punch_hole && buffer[..bytes_read].iter().all(|&x| x == 0) {
+                    dst_file.seek(SeekFrom::Current(bytes_read as i64))?;
+                    total_bytes_copied += bytes_read as u64;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                dst_file.write_all(&buffer[..bytes_read])?;
+                total_bytes_copied += bytes_read as u64;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}

userspace/su/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/obj
+/libs

userspace/su/jni/Android.mk

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
+
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+LOCAL_MODULE := su
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES := su.c
+include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)

userspace/su/jni/Application.mk

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+APP_ABI := arm64-v8a x86_64 armeabi-v7a
+APP_PLATFORM := android-24
+APP_STL := none

userspace/su/jni/su.c

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/xattr.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <termios.h>
+
+#define KERNEL_SU_OPTION 0xDEADBEEF
+#define CMD_GRANT_ROOT 0
+#define CMD_ENABLE_SU 15
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp) {
+    unsigned long result = 0;
+
+    if (argc >= 2 && strcmp(argv[1], "--disable-sucompat") == 0) {
+        prctl(KERNEL_SU_OPTION, CMD_ENABLE_SU, 0L, 0L, (unsigned long)&result);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    prctl(KERNEL_SU_OPTION, CMD_GRANT_ROOT, 0L, 0L, (unsigned long)&result);
+    if (result != KERNEL_SU_OPTION) {
+        const char *error = "Access Denied: sucompat not permitted\n";
+        write(STDERR_FILENO, error, strlen(error));
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    struct termios term;
+    if (ioctl(STDIN_FILENO, TCGETS, &term) == 0) {
+        char tty_path[PATH_MAX];
+        ssize_t len = readlink("/proc/self/fd/0", tty_path, sizeof(tty_path) - 1);
+        if (len > 0) {
+            tty_path[len] = '\0';
+            const char *selinux_ctx = "u:object_r:devpts:s0";
+            setxattr(tty_path, "security.selinux", selinux_ctx, strlen(selinux_ctx) + 1, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    const char *default_args[] = { "/system/bin/su", NULL };
+    if (argc < 1 || !argv) {
+        argv = (char **)default_args;
+    } else {
+        argv[0] = "/system/bin/su";
+    }
+
+    execve("/data/adb/ksud", argv, envp);
+
+    const char *error = "Error: Failed to execve /data/adb/ksud\n";
+    write(STDERR_FILENO, error, strlen(error));
+    return 1;
+}

userspace/user_scanner/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/obj
+/libs

userspace/user_scanner/jni/Android.mk

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
+
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+LOCAL_MODULE := uid_scanner
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES := uid_scanner.c
+LOCAL_LDLIBS := -llog
+LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Wall -Wextra -std=c99
+include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)

userspace/user_scanner/jni/Application.mk

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+APP_ABI := arm64-v8a x86_64 armeabi-v7a
+APP_PLATFORM := android-35
+APP_STL := none

userspace/user_scanner/jni/uid_scanner.c

@@ -0,0 +1,996 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <android/log.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+#define LOG_TAG "User_UID_Scanner"
+#define LOGI(...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define LOGE(...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+// Paths and constants
+#define USER_DATA_BASE_PATH "/data/user_de"
+#define KSU_UID_LIST_PATH "/data/misc/user_uid/uid_list"
+#define PROC_COMM_PATH "/proc/ksu_uid_scanner"
+#define PID_FILE_PATH "/data/misc/user_uid/uid_scanner.pid"
+#define LOG_FILE_PATH "/data/misc/user_uid/uid_scanner.log"
+#define CONFIG_FILE_PATH "/data/misc/user_uid/uid_scanner.conf"
+
+#define MAX_PACKAGE_NAME 256
+#define MAX_PATH_LEN 512
+#define MAX_LOG_SIZE (1024 * 1024)  // 1MB
+#define MAX_USERS 8
+#define MAX_RETRIES 3
+#define RETRY_DELAY 60
+
+typedef enum {
+    LANG_EN = 0,
+    LANG_ZH = 1
+} language_t;
+
+struct scanner_config {
+    language_t language;
+    int multi_user_scan;
+    int scan_interval;
+    int log_level;
+    int auto_scan;
+};
+
+struct uid_data {
+    int uid;
+    char package[MAX_PACKAGE_NAME];
+    struct uid_data *next;
+};
+
+typedef struct {
+    const char *en;
+    const char *zh;
+} message_t;
+
+// Global variables
+static volatile int manual_scan_flag = 0;
+static volatile int should_exit = 0;
+static volatile int should_reload = 0;
+static struct uid_data *uid_list_head = NULL;
+static int log_fd = -1;
+
+static struct scanner_config config = {
+    .language = LANG_EN,
+    .multi_user_scan = 0,
+    .scan_interval = 5,
+    .log_level = 1,
+    .auto_scan = 0
+};
+
+int save_config(void);
+
+// message dictionary
+static const message_t messages[] = {
+    {"Signal %d received", "收到信号 %d"},
+    {"Reload signal", "重载信号"},
+    {"User signal", "用户信号"},
+    {"Log rotated", "日志轮转"},
+    {"Fork failed: %s", "Fork失败: %s"},
+    {"setsid failed: %s", "setsid失败: %s"},
+    {"Second fork failed: %s", "第二次fork失败: %s"},
+    {"chdir failed: %s", "目录切换失败: %s"},
+    {"PID file create failed %s: %s", "PID文件创建失败 %s: %s"},
+    {"PID file created: %d", "PID文件已创建: %d"},
+    {"Daemon not running", "守护进程未运行"},
+    {"Stopping daemon (PID: %d)", "停止守护进程 (PID: %d)"},
+    {"Kill signal failed: %s", "终止信号失败: %s"},
+    {"Daemon stopped", "守护进程已停止"},
+    {"Force terminating", "强制终止中"},
+    {"Daemon killed", "守护进程已杀死"},
+    {"Cannot stop daemon", "无法停止守护进程"},
+    {"Restarting daemon", "重启守护进程"},
+    {"Cannot stop old daemon", "无法停止旧守护进程"},
+    {"Starting new daemon", "启动新守护进程"},
+    {"Status: Not running", "状态: 未运行"},
+    {"Status: Running (PID: %d)", "状态: 运行中 (PID: %d)"},
+    {"Recent logs:", "最近日志:"},
+    {"Status: Stopped (stale PID)", "状态: 已停止 (陈旧PID)"},
+    {"Sending reload signal (PID: %d)", "发送重载信号 (PID: %d)"},
+    {"Reload signal sent", "重载信号已发送"},
+    {"Reload signal failed: %s", "重载信号失败: %s"},
+    {"Directory open failed %s: %s", "目录打开失败 %s: %s"},
+    {"Scan started", "扫描开始"},
+    {"Package name too long: %s", "包名过长: %s"},
+    {"File stat failed %s: %s", "文件状态获取失败 %s: %s"},
+    {"Memory allocation failed", "内存分配失败"},
+    {"Scan complete, found %d packages", "扫描完成，发现 %d 个包"},
+    {"Whitelist file open failed %s: %s", "白名单文件打开失败 %s: %s"},
+    {"Whitelist written %d entries", "白名单写入 %d 个条目"},
+    {"Kernel comm file open failed %s: %s", "内核通信文件打开失败 %s: %s"},
+    {"Kernel comm write failed %s: %s", "内核通信写入失败 %s: %s"},
+    {"Kernel notified", "内核已通知"},
+    {"Performing scan and update", "执行扫描和更新"},
+    {"Scan failed", "扫描失败"},
+    {"Whitelist write failed", "白名单写入失败"},
+    {"Scan completed successfully", "扫描成功完成"},
+    {"Whitelist not found: %s", "白名单未找到: %s"},
+    {"Current whitelist:", "当前白名单:"},
+    {"One-time scan", "一次性扫描"},
+    {"Invalid argument: %s", "无效参数: %s"},
+    {"Daemon already running", "守护进程已运行"},
+    {"Starting daemon", "启动守护进程"},
+    {"Daemon startup failed", "守护进程启动失败"},
+    {"Daemon started", "守护进程已启动"},
+    {"Reload request received", "收到重载请求"},
+    {"Kernel rescan request", "内核重扫描请求"},
+    {"Daemon exiting", "守护进程退出中"},
+    {"Daemon exited", "守护进程已退出"},
+    {"Config loaded", "配置已加载"},
+    {"Config saved", "配置已保存"},
+    {"Config load failed: %s", "配置加载失败: %s"},
+    {"Config save failed: %s", "配置保存失败: %s"},
+    {"Language switched to English", "语言切换到英文"},
+    {"Language switched to Chinese", "语言切换到中文"},
+    {"Multi-user scan enabled", "多用户扫描启用"},
+    {"Multi-user scan disabled", "多用户扫描禁用"},
+    {"Scanning directory: %s", "扫描目录: %s"},
+    {"Found %d users", "发现 %d 个用户"},
+    {"Using fallback user detection", "使用备用用户检测"},
+    {"Auto scan enabled", "自动扫描启用"},
+    {"Auto scan disabled", "自动扫描禁用"},
+    {"Auto scan disabled, daemon loaded", "自动扫描禁用，守护进程已加载"},
+    {"Auto scan disabled, skipping", "自动扫描禁用，跳过"},
+    {"Auto scan disabled, ignoring kernel request", "自动扫描禁用，忽略内核请求"},
+    {"Retry attempt %d/%d", "重试 %d/%d"},
+    {"Max retries reached, waiting %d seconds", "达到最大重试次数，等待 %d 秒"},
+    {"Operation failed after retries", "重试后操作失败"},
+    {"Auto scan disabled, operation not allowed", "自动扫描禁用，操作不被允许"},
+    {"Manual scan requested, ignoring auto_scan setting", "手动扫描请求，忽略自动扫描设置"}
+};
+
+#define MSG_COUNT (sizeof(messages) / sizeof(messages[0]))
+
+const char* get_message(int msg_id) {
+    if (msg_id < 0 || msg_id >= (int)MSG_COUNT) {
+        return "Unknown message";
+    }
+    return (config.language == LANG_ZH) ? messages[msg_id].zh : messages[msg_id].en;
+}
+
+void write_log(const char *level, int msg_id, ...) {
+    char buffer[1024];
+    char formatted_msg[1024];
+    time_t now = time(NULL);
+    struct tm *tm_info = localtime(&now);
+    va_list args;
+    
+    va_start(args, msg_id);
+    vsnprintf(formatted_msg, sizeof(formatted_msg), get_message(msg_id), args);
+    va_end(args);
+    
+    strftime(buffer, 64, "[%H:%M:%S]", tm_info);
+    snprintf(buffer + strlen(buffer), sizeof(buffer) - strlen(buffer), " %s: %s", level, formatted_msg);
+    
+    if (log_fd != -1) {
+        dprintf(log_fd, "%s\n", buffer);
+        fsync(log_fd);
+    }
+    
+    if (strcmp(level, "ERROR") == 0) {
+        LOGE("%s", formatted_msg);
+    } else {
+        LOGI("%s", formatted_msg);
+    }
+}
+
+// Retry wrapper for operations
+int retry_operation(int (*operation)(void), const char *op_name) {
+    (void)op_name;
+    for (int attempt = 1; attempt <= MAX_RETRIES; attempt++) {
+        int result = operation();
+        if (result == 0) {
+            return 0; // Success
+        }
+        
+        if (attempt < MAX_RETRIES) {
+            write_log("WARN", 69, attempt, MAX_RETRIES); // Retry attempt X/Y
+            sleep(1);
+        } else {
+            write_log("ERROR", 70, RETRY_DELAY); // Max retries reached
+            sleep(RETRY_DELAY);
+            write_log("ERROR", 71); // Operation failed after retries
+        }
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+void ensure_directory_exists(void) {
+    const char *path = "/data/misc/user_uid";
+    struct stat st;
+
+    if (stat(path, &st) != 0) {
+        if (mkdir(path, 0777) != 0) {
+            LOGE("Failed to create directory %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (chmod(path, 0777) != 0) {
+        LOGE("Failed to chmod directory %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
+    }
+}
+
+void parse_config_line(const char *key, const char *value) {
+    if (strcmp(key, "language") == 0) {
+        config.language = (strcmp(value, "zh") == 0) ? LANG_ZH : LANG_EN;
+    } else if (strcmp(key, "multi_user_scan") == 0) {
+        config.multi_user_scan = atoi(value);
+    } else if (strcmp(key, "scan_interval") == 0) {
+        config.scan_interval = atoi(value);
+        if (config.scan_interval < 1) config.scan_interval = 5;
+    } else if (strcmp(key, "log_level") == 0) {
+        config.log_level = atoi(value);
+    } else if (strcmp(key, "auto_scan") == 0) {
+        config.auto_scan = atoi(value);
+    }
+}
+
+int load_config(void) {
+    FILE *fp = fopen(CONFIG_FILE_PATH, "r");
+    if (!fp) {
+        write_log("WARN", 56, "配置文件不存在，使用默认配置");
+        return save_config();
+    }
+    
+    char line[256];
+    while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp)) {
+        line[strcspn(line, "\n")] = 0;
+        
+        if (line[0] == '#' || line[0] == '\0') continue;
+        
+        char key[64], value[64];
+        if (sscanf(line, "%63[^=]=%63s", key, value) == 2) {
+            parse_config_line(key, value);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    fclose(fp);
+    write_log("INFO", 54); // Config loaded
+    write_log("INFO", config.auto_scan ? 64 : 65); // 记录当前自动扫描状态
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int save_config(void) {
+    ensure_directory_exists();
+    
+    FILE *fp = fopen(CONFIG_FILE_PATH, "w");
+    if (!fp) {
+        write_log("ERROR", 57, strerror(errno)); // Config save failed
+        return -1;
+    }
+    
+    fprintf(fp, "# UID Scanner Configuration\n");
+    fprintf(fp, "# Language: en (English) or zh (Chinese)\n");
+    fprintf(fp, "language=%s\n", (config.language == LANG_ZH) ? "zh" : "en");
+    fprintf(fp, "# Multi-user scanning: 0=disabled, 1=enabled\n");
+    fprintf(fp, "multi_user_scan=%d\n", config.multi_user_scan);
+    fprintf(fp, "# Scan interval in seconds\n");
+    fprintf(fp, "scan_interval=%d\n", config.scan_interval);
+    fprintf(fp, "# Log level: 0=minimal, 1=normal, 2=verbose\n");
+    fprintf(fp, "log_level=%d\n", config.log_level);
+    fprintf(fp, "# Auto scan: 0=disabled, 1=enabled\n");
+    fprintf(fp, "auto_scan=%d\n", config.auto_scan);
+    
+    fclose(fp);
+    write_log("INFO", 55); // Config saved
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void set_language(language_t lang) {
+    config.language = lang;
+    save_config();
+    write_log("INFO", (lang == LANG_ZH) ? 59 : 58);
+}
+
+void set_multi_user_scan(int enabled) {
+    config.multi_user_scan = enabled;
+    save_config();
+    write_log("INFO", enabled ? 60 : 61);
+}
+
+void set_auto_scan(int enabled) {
+    config.auto_scan = enabled;
+    save_config();
+    write_log("INFO", enabled ? 64 : 65);
+}
+
+void signal_handler(int sig) {
+    switch (sig) {
+        case SIGTERM:
+        case SIGINT:
+            should_exit = 1;
+            write_log("INFO", 0, sig);
+            break;
+        case SIGHUP:
+            should_reload = 1;
+            write_log("INFO", 1);
+            break;
+        case SIGUSR1:
+            should_reload = 1;
+            write_log("INFO", 2);
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+void manage_log_file(void) {
+    struct stat st;
+    if (log_fd == -1 || fstat(log_fd, &st) != 0) return;
+    
+    if (st.st_size > MAX_LOG_SIZE) {
+        close(log_fd);
+        char backup_path[MAX_PATH_LEN];
+        snprintf(backup_path, sizeof(backup_path), "%s.old", LOG_FILE_PATH);
+        rename(LOG_FILE_PATH, backup_path);
+        log_fd = open(LOG_FILE_PATH, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_APPEND, 0644);
+        if (log_fd != -1) {
+            write_log("INFO", 3); // Log rotated
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void setup_daemon_stdio(void) {
+    close(STDIN_FILENO);
+    close(STDOUT_FILENO);
+    close(STDERR_FILENO);
+    open("/dev/null", O_RDONLY);
+    open("/dev/null", O_WRONLY);
+    open("/dev/null", O_WRONLY);
+}
+
+int daemonize(void) {
+    pid_t pid = fork();
+    if (pid < 0) {
+        LOGE(get_message(4), strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (pid > 0) exit(0);
+    
+    if (setsid() < 0) {
+        LOGE(get_message(5), strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+    
+    signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
+    pid = fork();
+    if (pid < 0) {
+        LOGE(get_message(6), strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (pid > 0) exit(0);
+    
+    umask(0);
+    if (chdir("/") < 0) {
+        LOGE(get_message(7), strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+    
+    setup_daemon_stdio();
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int write_pid_file(void) {
+    ensure_directory_exists();
+    FILE *fp = fopen(PID_FILE_PATH, "w");
+    if (!fp) {
+        write_log("ERROR", 8, PID_FILE_PATH, strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+    fprintf(fp, "%d\n", getpid());
+    fclose(fp);
+    write_log("INFO", 9, getpid());
+    return 0;
+}
+
+pid_t read_pid_file(void) {
+    FILE *fp = fopen(PID_FILE_PATH, "r");
+    if (!fp) return 0;
+    
+    pid_t pid = 0;
+    if (fscanf(fp, "%d", &pid) != 1) pid = 0;
+    fclose(fp);
+    return pid;
+}
+
+int is_daemon_running(void) {
+    pid_t pid = read_pid_file();
+    if (pid <= 0) return 0;
+    
+    if (kill(pid, 0) == 0) {
+        return 1;
+    } else {
+        unlink(PID_FILE_PATH);
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+int stop_daemon(void) {
+    pid_t pid = read_pid_file();
+    if (pid <= 0) {
+        printf("%s\n", get_message(10));
+        return 0;
+    }
+    
+    printf(get_message(11), pid);
+    printf("\n");
+    
+    if (kill(pid, SIGTERM) != 0) {
+        printf(get_message(12), strerror(errno));
+        printf("\n");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    
+    // Wait up to 30 seconds
+    for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
+        if (kill(pid, 0) != 0) {
+            printf("%s\n", get_message(13));
+            unlink(PID_FILE_PATH);
+            return 0;
+        }
+        sleep(1);
+    }
+    
+    printf("%s\n", get_message(14));
+    if (kill(pid, SIGKILL) == 0) {
+        printf("%s\n", get_message(15));
+        unlink(PID_FILE_PATH);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    
+    printf("%s\n", get_message(16));
+    return -1;
+}
+
+int restart_daemon(void) {
+    printf("%s\n", get_message(17));
+    stop_daemon();
+    sleep(2);
+    
+    if (is_daemon_running()) {
+        printf("%s\n", get_message(18));
+        return -1;
+    }
+    
+    printf("%s\n", get_message(19));
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void show_status(void) {
+    pid_t pid = read_pid_file();
+    if (pid <= 0) {
+        printf("%s\n", get_message(20));
+        return;
+    }
+    
+    if (kill(pid, 0) == 0) {
+        printf(get_message(21), pid);
+        printf("\n");
+        
+        if (access(LOG_FILE_PATH, R_OK) == 0) {
+            printf("\n%s\n", get_message(22));
+            char cmd[512];
+            snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "tail -n 10 %s", LOG_FILE_PATH);
+            system(cmd);
+        }
+    } else {
+        printf("%s\n", get_message(23));
+        unlink(PID_FILE_PATH);
+    }
+}
+
+void reload_daemon(void) {
+    pid_t pid = read_pid_file();
+    if (pid <= 0 || kill(pid, 0) != 0) {
+        printf("%s\n", get_message(10));
+        return;
+    }
+    
+    printf(get_message(24), pid);
+    printf("\n");
+    
+    if (kill(pid, SIGUSR1) == 0) {
+        printf("%s\n", get_message(25));
+    } else {
+        printf(get_message(26), strerror(errno));
+        printf("\n");
+    }
+}
+
+int get_users_from_pm(char user_dirs[][MAX_PATH_LEN], int max_users) {
+    FILE *fp = popen("pm list users 2>/dev/null | grep 'UserInfo{' | sed 's/.*UserInfo{\\([0-9]*\\):.*/\\1/'", "r");
+    if (!fp) return 0;
+    
+    int user_count = 0;
+    char line[64];
+    while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp) && user_count < max_users) {
+        int user_id = atoi(line);
+        if (user_id >= 0) {
+            snprintf(user_dirs[user_count], MAX_PATH_LEN, "%s/%d", USER_DATA_BASE_PATH, user_id);
+            if (access(user_dirs[user_count], F_OK) == 0) {
+                user_count++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    pclose(fp);
+    return user_count;
+}
+
+int get_users_from_directory_scan(char user_dirs[][MAX_PATH_LEN], int max_users) {
+    DIR *dir = opendir(USER_DATA_BASE_PATH);
+    if (!dir) {
+        write_log("ERROR", 27, USER_DATA_BASE_PATH, strerror(errno));
+        snprintf(user_dirs[0], MAX_PATH_LEN, "%s/0", USER_DATA_BASE_PATH);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    
+    int user_count = 0;
+    struct dirent *entry;
+    while ((entry = readdir(dir)) != NULL && user_count < max_users) {
+        if (entry->d_type == DT_DIR) {
+            char *endptr;
+            long user_id = strtol(entry->d_name, &endptr, 10);
+            if (*endptr == '\0' && strlen(entry->d_name) > 0 && user_id >= 0) {
+                snprintf(user_dirs[user_count], MAX_PATH_LEN, "%s/%s", USER_DATA_BASE_PATH, entry->d_name);
+                user_count++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    closedir(dir);
+    
+    if (user_count == 0) {
+        snprintf(user_dirs[0], MAX_PATH_LEN, "%s/0", USER_DATA_BASE_PATH);
+        user_count = 1;
+    }
+    
+    return user_count;
+}
+
+int get_user_directories(char user_dirs[][MAX_PATH_LEN], int max_users) {
+    if (!config.multi_user_scan) {
+        snprintf(user_dirs[0], MAX_PATH_LEN, "%s/0", USER_DATA_BASE_PATH);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    
+    int user_count = get_users_from_pm(user_dirs, max_users);
+    if (user_count > 0) return user_count;
+    
+    return get_users_from_directory_scan(user_dirs, max_users);
+}
+
+void free_uid_list(void) {
+    struct uid_data *current = uid_list_head;
+    while (current) {
+        struct uid_data *next = current->next;
+        free(current);
+        current = next;
+    }
+    uid_list_head = NULL;
+}
+
+struct uid_data* create_uid_entry(int uid, const char *package_name) {
+    struct uid_data *data = malloc(sizeof(struct uid_data));
+    if (!data) {
+        write_log("ERROR", 31);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    
+    data->uid = uid;
+    strncpy(data->package, package_name, MAX_PACKAGE_NAME - 1);
+    data->package[MAX_PACKAGE_NAME - 1] = '\0';
+    data->next = uid_list_head;
+    return data;
+}
+
+int scan_single_directory(const char *dir_path) {
+    DIR *dir = opendir(dir_path);
+    if (!dir) {
+        write_log("ERROR", 27, dir_path, strerror(errno));
+        return 0;
+    }
+    
+    int count = 0;
+    struct dirent *entry;
+    while ((entry = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+        if (should_exit) break;
+        
+        if (strcmp(entry->d_name, ".") == 0 || strcmp(entry->d_name, "..") == 0) continue;
+        if (entry->d_type != DT_DIR) continue;
+        
+        if (strlen(entry->d_name) >= MAX_PACKAGE_NAME) {
+            write_log("WARN", 29, entry->d_name);
+            continue;
+        }
+        
+        char path[MAX_PATH_LEN];
+        snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", dir_path, entry->d_name);
+        
+        struct stat st;
+        if (stat(path, &st) != 0) {
+            write_log("ERROR", 30, path, strerror(errno));
+            continue;
+        }
+        
+        struct uid_data *data = create_uid_entry(st.st_uid, entry->d_name);
+        if (data) {
+            uid_list_head = data;
+            count++;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    closedir(dir);
+    return count;
+}
+
+int perform_uid_scan(void) {
+    char user_dirs[MAX_USERS][MAX_PATH_LEN];
+    int total_count = 0;
+    
+    free_uid_list();
+    
+    int user_count = get_user_directories(user_dirs, MAX_USERS);
+    if (user_count <= 0) return -1;
+    
+    write_log("INFO", 28);
+    write_log("INFO", 63, user_count);
+    
+    for (int i = 0; i < user_count && !should_exit; i++) {
+        write_log("INFO", 62, user_dirs[i]);
+        total_count += scan_single_directory(user_dirs[i]);
+    }
+    
+    write_log("INFO", 32, total_count);
+    return total_count;
+}
+
+int write_uid_whitelist(void) {
+    ensure_directory_exists();
+    
+    FILE *fp = fopen(KSU_UID_LIST_PATH, "w");
+    if (!fp) {
+        write_log("ERROR", 33, KSU_UID_LIST_PATH, strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+    
+    int count = 0;
+    struct uid_data *current = uid_list_head;
+    while (current) {
+        fprintf(fp, "%d %s\n", current->uid, current->package);
+        current = current->next;
+        count++;
+    }
+    
+    fclose(fp);
+    write_log("INFO", 34, count);
+    return count;
+}
+
+void notify_kernel_update(void) {
+    int fd = open(PROC_COMM_PATH, O_WRONLY);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        write_log("ERROR", 35, PROC_COMM_PATH, strerror(errno));
+        return;
+    }
+    
+    if (write(fd, "UPDATED", 7) != 7) {
+        write_log("ERROR", 36, PROC_COMM_PATH, strerror(errno));
+    } else {
+        write_log("INFO", 37);
+    }
+    
+    close(fd);
+}
+
+int check_kernel_request(void) {
+    FILE *fp = fopen(PROC_COMM_PATH, "r");
+    if (!fp) return 0;
+    
+    char status[16];
+    int result = 0;
+    if (fgets(status, sizeof(status), fp) != NULL) {
+        result = (strncmp(status, "RESCAN", 6) == 0);
+    }
+    
+    fclose(fp);
+    return result;
+}
+
+// Retry wrapper functions
+int scan_operation(void) {
+    return perform_uid_scan() < 0 ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+int write_operation(void) {
+    return write_uid_whitelist() < 0 ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+void perform_scan_update(void) {
+    if (!config.auto_scan && !manual_scan_flag) {
+        write_log("WARN", 72); // Auto scan disabled, operation not allowed
+        return;
+    }
+
+    write_log("INFO", 38);
+    
+    if (retry_operation(scan_operation, "scan") != 0) {
+        write_log("ERROR", 39);
+        return;
+    }
+    
+    if (retry_operation(write_operation, "write") != 0) {
+        write_log("ERROR", 40);
+        return;
+    }
+    
+    notify_kernel_update();
+    write_log("INFO", 41);
+}
+
+void perform_manual_scan_update(void) {
+    manual_scan_flag = 1; 
+    write_log("INFO", 73); // Manual scan requested, ignoring auto_scan setting
+    write_log("INFO", 38);
+    
+    if (retry_operation(scan_operation, "scan") != 0) {
+        write_log("ERROR", 39);
+        return;
+    }
+    
+    if (retry_operation(write_operation, "write") != 0) {
+        write_log("ERROR", 40);
+        return;
+    }
+    
+    notify_kernel_update();
+    write_log("INFO", 41);
+}
+
+void print_usage(const char *prog) {
+    if (config.language == LANG_ZH) {
+        printf("用法: %s [选项]\n", prog);
+        printf("KSU UID 扫描器 - 管理UID白名单\n\n");
+        printf("选项:\n");
+        printf("  start                启动守护进程\n");
+        printf("  stop                 停止守护进程\n");
+        printf("  restart              重启守护进程\n");
+        printf("  status               显示守护进程状态\n");
+        printf("  reload               重新加载守护进程配置\n");
+        printf("  -s, --scan           执行一次扫描并退出 (忽略auto_scan设置)\n");
+        printf("  -l, --list           列出当前UID白名单\n");
+        printf("  --lang <en|zh>       设置语言 (英文|中文)\n");
+        printf("  --multi-user <0|1>   设置多用户扫描 (0=禁用, 1=启用)\n");
+        printf("  --auto-scan <0|1>    设置自动扫描 (0=禁用, 1=启用)\n");
+        printf("  --config             显示当前配置\n");
+        printf("  -h, --help           显示此帮助信息\n");
+    } else {
+        printf("Usage: %s [options]\n", prog);
+        printf("KSU UID Scanner - Manage UID whitelist\n\n");
+        printf("Options:\n");
+        printf("  start                Start daemon\n");
+        printf("  stop                 Stop daemon\n");
+        printf("  restart              Restart daemon\n");
+        printf("  status               Show daemon status\n");
+        printf("  reload               Reload daemon config\n");
+        printf("  -s, --scan           Perform one scan and exit (ignore auto_scan setting)\n");
+        printf("  -l, --list           List current UID whitelist\n");
+        printf("  --lang <en|zh>       Set language\n");
+        printf("  --multi-user <0|1>   Set multi-user scanning\n");
+        printf("  --auto-scan <0|1>    Set auto scanning\n");
+        printf("  --config             Show current config\n");
+        printf("  -h, --help           Show this help\n");
+    }
+}
+
+void list_whitelist(void) {
+    FILE *fp = fopen(KSU_UID_LIST_PATH, "r");
+    if (!fp) {
+        printf(get_message(42), strerror(errno));
+        printf("\n");
+        return;
+    }
+    
+    printf("%s\n", get_message(43));
+    printf("%-8s %-40s\n", "UID", (config.language == LANG_ZH) ? "包名" : "Package");
+    printf("%-8s %-40s\n", "--------", "----------------------------------------");
+    
+    char line[512];
+    while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp)) {
+        int uid;
+        char package[256];
+        if (sscanf(line, "%d %255s", &uid, package) == 2) {
+            printf("%-8d %-40s\n", uid, package);
+        }
+    }
+    fclose(fp);
+}
+
+void show_config(void) {
+    if (config.language == LANG_ZH) {
+        printf("当前配置:\n");
+        printf("  语言: %s\n", (config.language == LANG_ZH) ? "中文" : "英文");
+        printf("  多用户扫描: %s\n", config.multi_user_scan ? "启用" : "禁用");
+        printf("  自动扫描: %s\n", config.auto_scan ? "启用" : "禁用");
+        printf("  扫描间隔: %d 秒\n", config.scan_interval);
+        printf("  日志级别: %d\n", config.log_level);
+    } else {
+        printf("Current Configuration:\n");
+        printf("  Language: %s\n", (config.language == LANG_ZH) ? "Chinese" : "English");
+        printf("  Multi-user scan: %s\n", config.multi_user_scan ? "Enabled" : "Disabled");
+        printf("  Auto scan: %s\n", config.auto_scan ? "Enabled" : "Disabled");
+        printf("  Scan interval: %d seconds\n", config.scan_interval);
+        printf("  Log level: %d\n", config.log_level);
+    }
+}
+
+int handle_config_command(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+    if (strcmp(argv[1], "--lang") == 0) {
+        if (argc < 3) return 1;
+        if (strcmp(argv[2], "zh") == 0) {
+            set_language(LANG_ZH);
+        } else if (strcmp(argv[2], "en") == 0) {
+            set_language(LANG_EN);
+        } else {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    } else if (strcmp(argv[1], "--multi-user") == 0) {
+        if (argc < 3) return 1;
+        int value = atoi(argv[2]);
+        if (value != 0 && value != 1) return 1;
+        set_multi_user_scan(value);
+        return 0;
+    } else if (strcmp(argv[1], "--auto-scan") == 0) {
+        if (argc < 3) return 1;
+        int value = atoi(argv[2]);
+        if (value != 0 && value != 1) return 1;
+        set_auto_scan(value);
+        return 0;
+    } else if (strcmp(argv[1], "--config") == 0) {
+        show_config();
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+int handle_single_command(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+    (void)argc;
+    if (strcmp(argv[1], "-s") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "--scan") == 0) {
+        printf("%s\n", get_message(44));
+        manual_scan_flag = 1;
+        perform_manual_scan_update();
+        return 0;
+    } else if (strcmp(argv[1], "-l") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "--list") == 0) {
+        list_whitelist();
+        return 0;
+    } else if (strcmp(argv[1], "-h") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0) {
+        print_usage(argv[0]);
+        return 0;
+    } else if (strcmp(argv[1], "status") == 0) {
+        show_status();
+        return 0;
+    } else if (strcmp(argv[1], "stop") == 0) {
+        return stop_daemon();
+    } else if (strcmp(argv[1], "reload") == 0) {
+        reload_daemon();
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+void setup_signal_handlers(void) {
+    signal(SIGTERM, signal_handler);
+    signal(SIGINT, signal_handler);
+    signal(SIGHUP, signal_handler);
+    signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+    signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+}
+
+void init_daemon_logging(void) {
+    ensure_directory_exists();
+    log_fd = open(LOG_FILE_PATH, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_APPEND, 0644);
+}
+
+void cleanup_daemon_resources(void) {
+    write_log("INFO", 52);
+    free_uid_list();
+    unlink(PID_FILE_PATH);
+    if (log_fd != -1) close(log_fd);
+    write_log("INFO", 53);
+}
+
+void run_daemon_loop(void) {
+    load_config();
+    
+    write_log("INFO", 49);
+    
+    if (!config.auto_scan) {
+        write_log("INFO", 66);
+    } else {
+        perform_scan_update();
+    }
+    
+    while (!should_exit) {
+        if (should_reload) {
+            load_config();
+            
+            if (!config.auto_scan) {
+                write_log("INFO", 67);
+            } else {
+                write_log("INFO", 50);
+                perform_scan_update();
+            }
+            should_reload = 0;
+        }
+        
+        if (check_kernel_request()) {
+            if (!config.auto_scan) {
+                write_log("INFO", 68);
+            } else {
+                write_log("INFO", 51);
+                perform_scan_update();
+            }
+        }
+        
+        manage_log_file();
+        
+        int sleep_iterations = config.scan_interval * 10;
+        for (int i = 0; i < sleep_iterations && !should_exit && !should_reload; i++) {
+            usleep(100000);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+    load_config();
+    
+    if (argc < 2) {
+        print_usage(argv[0]);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    
+    int result = handle_config_command(argc, argv);
+    if (result >= 0) return result;
+    
+    result = handle_single_command(argc, argv);
+    if (result >= 0) return result;
+    
+    if (strcmp(argv[1], "restart") == 0) {
+        if (restart_daemon() != 0) return 1;
+    } else if (strcmp(argv[1], "start") != 0) {
+        printf(get_message(45), argv[1]);
+        printf("\n");
+        print_usage(argv[0]);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    
+    if (is_daemon_running()) {
+        printf("%s\n", get_message(46));
+        return 1;
+    }
+    
+    printf("%s\n", get_message(47));
+    if (daemonize() != 0) {
+        printf("%s\n", get_message(48));
+        return 1;
+    }
+    
+    init_daemon_logging();
+    if (write_pid_file() != 0) exit(1);
+    setup_signal_handlers();
+    run_daemon_loop();
+    cleanup_daemon_resources();
+    return 0;
+}